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Physio 202 lab > Unit 4 Lab 8 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system

A

forms urine and stores it until it is eliminated from the body

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2
Q

what are the components of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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3
Q

describe the physical appearance of the kidney

A

reddish and bean shaped

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4
Q

what is the location of the kidney

A

waist level between 12th thoracic vertebrae and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

what does it mean that kidneys are retroperitoneal

A

they lie outside the peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

what are the functions of the kidneys

A
  • regulate blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume, blood osmolarity, blood glucose level
  • produces hormones
  • excretion of wastes and foreign substances
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7
Q

what are the layers of the external anatomy of the kidneys from deep to superficial

A

renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

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8
Q

describe the renal capsule

A
  • thin, fibrous membrane

- covers outer surface of kidneys

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9
Q

what kind of tissue is the adipose capsule made of? where is it located and what is its function?

A
  • adipose tissue
  • between renal capsule and renal fascia
  • provides protection and padding
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10
Q

describe the renal fascia

A
  • dense irregular connective tissue

- outermost layer that attaches kidney to abdominal wall

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11
Q

what is the renal hilum

A

indentation at the concave border

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12
Q

what passes through the renal hilum

A

renal artery, renal vein, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

what are the layers of the internal anatomy of the kidney fro deep to superficial

A

renal cortex, renal medulla, renal sinus

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14
Q

what does the renal cortex contain

A

a portion of the nephrons and a portion of the renal columns

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15
Q

what does the renal medulla contain

A
  • renal pyramids
  • renal coulmns
  • papillary ducts
  • renal papilla
  • portion of the nephrons
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16
Q

what do the renal columns do

A

extend from renal cortex and separate renal pyramids

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17
Q

what are papillary ducts

A

openings in renal papilla that drain urine

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18
Q

what are renal papilla

A

apex of renal pyramid that is pointed towards renal sinus

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19
Q

what makes up the renal sinus

A

renal pelvis, major calyces and minor calyces

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20
Q

where is the minor calyx and what does it do?

A

adjacent to renal papilla, receives urine from papillary ducts

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21
Q

what does the minor calyces drain into

A

major calyces

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22
Q

what is the renal pelvis

A

large cavity that major calyces drain into, continuous with ureter

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23
Q

why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney

A

the liver is on the right side of the body

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24
Q

why do boxers wear protective belts

A

to protect their kidneys since they are retroperitoneal and have no protection

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25
Q

describe the ureters

A
  • 2 long, narrow muscular tubes

- extend from each kidney to the urinary bladder

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26
Q

what do the ureters do

A

transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

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27
Q

how do the ureters enter the bladder

A

they enter the inferior wall at an oblique angle

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28
Q

how is urine propelled through the ureters

A

peristalsis, hydrostatic pressure, gravity

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29
Q

describe the urinary bladder

A

hollow msucular organ

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30
Q

what is the function of the urinary bladder

A

distends to store urine and expels it into the urethra

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31
Q

what is the detrusor muscle and what does it do

A

smooth muscle within wall of bladder, contracts to force urine out of the bladder

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32
Q

what are rugae

A

folds in the epithelial lining of the bladder

33
Q

what makes up the trigone

A

2 uretal openings and internal urethral orifice

34
Q

what is the internal urethral orifice

A

anterior opening into urethra

35
Q

what is the urethra

A

a tube carrying urine from internal urethral orifice to the exterior of the body

36
Q

what is the function of the urethra

A

discharges urine from the body

37
Q

what is the external urethral orifice

A

opening through which urine exits the body

38
Q

what is the internal urethral sphincter

A

involuntary smooth muscle that controls passage off urine from urinary bladder to urethra

39
Q

what is the external urethral sphincter

A

voluntary skeletal muscle that permits passage of urine to external urethral orifice

40
Q

how long is the urethra in females? males?

A

females-4 cm

males-15-20 cm

41
Q

what are the 3 regions of the urethra in males and where are they located

A

prostatic urethra-prostate gland
membranous urethra-urogenital diaphragm
spongy (penile) urethra-penis

42
Q

what does the renal corpuscle do

A

filters blood

43
Q

where is the renal corpuscle located

A

renal cortex

44
Q

what is the glomerulus

A

capillary network

45
Q

what is the glomerular capsule

A

cup shaped epithelial membrane surrounding glomerulus

46
Q

what is the capsular space

A

glomerular cavity between glomerulus and Bowmans capsule, where filtrate enters

47
Q

what does the renal tubule do

A

modifies filtrate to form urine

48
Q

where is the proximal convoluted tubule

A

in renal cortex

49
Q

where is the loop of henle

A

extends into renal medulla

50
Q

where is the distal convoluted tubule located

A

in renal cortex

51
Q

where do DCTs converge

A

collecting ducts

52
Q

what happens in the renal capsule

A

filtration

53
Q

what happens in the renal tubule and collecting duct

A

reabsorption

54
Q

what happens in the collecting duct and renal corpuscle

A

secretion

55
Q

what affects amount of filtrate

A

diameter of afferent arteriole and pressure within glomerular capillaries

56
Q

compare and contrast cortical nephrons and jextamedullary nephrons

A

cortical nephrons are the majority of nephrons and are short loops of henle and only receive blood supply from peritubular capillary network. juxtamedullary nephrons are closer to medulla likes the PCT, DCT, and corpuscle, they’re long loops of henle and have a thick and thin ascending limb and receive blood supply from peritubular capillary network and vasa recta

57
Q

when does filtrate become urine

A

after it enters papillae

58
Q

what is in the glomerular capsule

A

visceral epithelial layer, parietal epithelial layer, and podocytes

59
Q

what is the visceral epithelial layer in the glomerular capsule

A

filtration membrane adjacent to glomerulus (simple squamous)

60
Q

what is the parietal epithelial layer in the glomerular capsule

A

forms funnel like structure that collects filtrate in capsular space (simple squamous)

61
Q

what are pododcytes

A

foot like projections on visceral layer that wrap around glomerular capillaries

62
Q

what epithelium is the PCT made of

A

simple cuboital

63
Q

what is in the loop of henle and what type of epithelium makes them up

A

descending limb-simple squamous
ascending (thin)-simple squamous
ascending (thick)-simple cuboital

64
Q

what epithelium makes up the DCT

A

simple cuboital

65
Q

what epithelium makes up the collecting ducts

A

simple cuboital

66
Q

what is specific gravity

A

the wight of a volume of substance divided by the weight of the same volume of distilled water

67
Q

what is osmolarity

A

a measure of the total number of dissolved particles per liter of solution

68
Q

what is absorbed in the PCT? what is secreted

A

glucose, amino acids, lattice acid, water soluble vitamins, are absorbed. H+ and urea are secreted

69
Q

what is absorbed in the descending loop of henle

A

H2O

70
Q

what is absorbed in the ascending limb of loop of henle

A

Na+ and Cl-

71
Q

what is absorbed in the DCT

A

Na+ Cl- and H2O

72
Q

what is absorbed and secreted in the late distal tubules and collecting ducts

A

Na+ Cl- and H2O are absorbed, K+ is secreted

73
Q

what is the normal pH range in urine

A

4.6-8.0

74
Q

what is the normal range for specific gravity in urine

A

1.001-1.035

75
Q

what does ADH do

A

increases water reabsorption

76
Q

what does alcohol do

A

decreases ADH release and less water reabsorption leads to dilute urine

77
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

increases reabsorption of Na+ Cl- H2O and secretion of K+

78
Q

what does caffeine do

A

inhibits Na+ reabsorption in renal tubule

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

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