Unit 1 Lab 3

Question 1

what is blood pressure

Answer 1

pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls

Question 2

what is systolic blood pressure

Answer 2

ventricular systole

Question 3

what is diastolic blood pressure

Answer 3

ventricular diastole

Question 4

what causes blood flow?

Answer 4

blood pressure gradient

Question 5

what is the 1st korotkoff sound?

Answer 5

turbulent flow of blood through constricted artery = systolic BP

Question 6

what is the 2nd korotkoff sound?

Answer 6

absence of sound due to laminar flow of blood through artery = diastolic BP

Question 7

what happens to blood pressure during aerobic exercise?

Answer 7

CO increases SV increases arterial systolic BP increases but diastolic BP stays constant or decreases slightly

Question 8

what happens to BP during resistance exercise?

Answer 8

arteries squeeze, peripheral resistance increases, systolic and diastolic BP increases

Question 9

why is it important to measure BP?

Answer 9

• hypotension vs hypertension

- cardiovascular disease (stiff arteries, plaque build up)

Question 10

what are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 10

• erythrocytes (RBCs)
• leukocyes (WBCs)
• thrombocytes (platelets)
• makes up 45% of whole blood volume

Question 11

what makes up plasma?

Answer 11

• mainly water
• some solutes (plasma protein, nutrients, gases, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, wastes)
• 55% of whole blood volume
• serum

Question 12

what is serum

Answer 12

plasma minus clotting proteins

Question 13

how much blood is in an average adult human?

Answer 13

5 liters

Question 14

describe an erythrocyte.

Answer 14

• no nucleus
• small and biconcave
• contain hemoglobin
• no mitochondria
• 4.5-5 million RBCs/ uL

Question 15

why aren’t there any mitochondria in erythrocytes?

Answer 15

it would take the oxygen away from the blood cell to produce ATP

Question 16

what does hemoglobin do?

Answer 16

transports O2 and CO2

Question 17

what do thrombocytes do?

Answer 17

• aid in clotting and stop bleeding when vessels rupture

- not cells because no nucleus

Question 18

what are thrombocytes?

Answer 18

fragments from megakaryocytes

Question 19

where are megakaryocytes found?

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

what do leukocytes do?

Answer 20

attack pathogens and foreign substances in the body

Question 21

what are the granular leukocytes?

Answer 21

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 22

what are the granular leukocytes

Answer 22

• lymphocytes

- monocytes

Question 23

what are all the different types of leukocytes?

Answer 23

• neutrophils
• lymphocytes
• monocytes
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 24

what are the identification factors for neutrophils?

Answer 24

3-5 lobes for nucleus

Question 25

what is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 25

- first responders | - bacterial infections

Question 26

what percentage do neutrophils make up in leukocytes?

Answer 26

60-70%

Question 27

what are the identification factors for lymphocytes?

Answer 27

- large nucleus | - small cytoplasm

Question 28

what is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 28

viral infections

Question 29

what percentage do lymphocytes make up in leukocytes?

Answer 29

20-25%

Question 30

what are some identification factors in monocytes?

Answer 30

- bean shaped nucleus - amorphous - big (3-5 RBCs can fit inside)

Question 31

what is the function of monocytes?

Answer 31

fungal infections

Question 32

what percentage do monocytes make up in leukocytes?

Answer 32

3-8%

Question 33

what are some identification factors for eosinophils?

Answer 33

- usually pink/red | - bi-lobed

Question 34

what is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 34

- parasitic infections | - allergies

Question 35

what percentage of leukocytes do eosinophils make up?

Answer 35

-2-4%

Question 36

what are some identification factors in basophils?

Answer 36

- small - no visibile nucleus - bumpy edges

Question 37

what is the function of basophils?

Answer 37

allergies and hypothyroidism

Question 38

what percentage of leukocytes do basophils make up?

Answer 38

0.5-1%

Question 39

what is hematocrit?

Answer 39

% of RBCs per volume of blood

Question 40

what does hematocrit indicate/

Answer 40

oxygen carrying capacity

Question 41

what is normal hematocrit in males? females?

Answer 41

males- 48-55% | females- 40-50%