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Physio 202 lab > Unit 1 Lab 3 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls

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2
Q

what is systolic blood pressure

A

ventricular systole

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3
Q

what is diastolic blood pressure

A

ventricular diastole

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4
Q

what causes blood flow?

A

blood pressure gradient

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5
Q

what is the 1st korotkoff sound?

A

turbulent flow of blood through constricted artery = systolic BP

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6
Q

what is the 2nd korotkoff sound?

A

absence of sound due to laminar flow of blood through artery = diastolic BP

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7
Q

what happens to blood pressure during aerobic exercise?

A

CO increases SV increases arterial systolic BP increases but diastolic BP stays constant or decreases slightly

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8
Q

what happens to BP during resistance exercise?

A

arteries squeeze, peripheral resistance increases, systolic and diastolic BP increases

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9
Q

why is it important to measure BP?

A
  • hypotension vs hypertension

- cardiovascular disease (stiff arteries, plaque build up)

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10
Q

what are the formed elements in blood?

A
  • erythrocytes (RBCs)
  • leukocyes (WBCs)
  • thrombocytes (platelets)
  • makes up 45% of whole blood volume
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11
Q

what makes up plasma?

A
  • mainly water
  • some solutes (plasma protein, nutrients, gases, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, wastes)
  • 55% of whole blood volume
  • serum
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12
Q

what is serum

A

plasma minus clotting proteins

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13
Q

how much blood is in an average adult human?

A

5 liters

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14
Q

describe an erythrocyte.

A
  • no nucleus
  • small and biconcave
  • contain hemoglobin
  • no mitochondria
  • 4.5-5 million RBCs/ uL
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15
Q

why aren’t there any mitochondria in erythrocytes?

A

it would take the oxygen away from the blood cell to produce ATP

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16
Q

what does hemoglobin do?

A

transports O2 and CO2

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17
Q

what do thrombocytes do?

A
  • aid in clotting and stop bleeding when vessels rupture

- not cells because no nucleus

18
Q

what are thrombocytes?

A

fragments from megakaryocytes

19
Q

where are megakaryocytes found?

A

bone marrow

20
Q

what do leukocytes do?

A

attack pathogens and foreign substances in the body

21
Q

what are the granular leukocytes?

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
22
Q

what are the granular leukocytes

A
  • lymphocytes

- monocytes

23
Q

what are all the different types of leukocytes?

A
  • neutrophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
24
Q

what are the identification factors for neutrophils?

A

3-5 lobes for nucleus

25
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

A
  • first responders

- bacterial infections

26
Q

what percentage do neutrophils make up in leukocytes?

A

60-70%

27
Q

what are the identification factors for lymphocytes?

A
  • large nucleus

- small cytoplasm

28
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes?

A

viral infections

29
Q

what percentage do lymphocytes make up in leukocytes?

A

20-25%

30
Q

what are some identification factors in monocytes?

A
  • bean shaped nucleus
  • amorphous
  • big (3-5 RBCs can fit inside)
31
Q

what is the function of monocytes?

A

fungal infections

32
Q

what percentage do monocytes make up in leukocytes?

A

3-8%

33
Q

what are some identification factors for eosinophils?

A
  • usually pink/red

- bi-lobed

34
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A
  • parasitic infections

- allergies

35
Q

what percentage of leukocytes do eosinophils make up?

A

-2-4%

36
Q

what are some identification factors in basophils?

A
  • small
  • no visibile nucleus
  • bumpy edges
37
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A

allergies and hypothyroidism

38
Q

what percentage of leukocytes do basophils make up?

A

0.5-1%

39
Q

what is hematocrit?

A

% of RBCs per volume of blood

40
Q

what does hematocrit indicate/

A

oxygen carrying capacity

41
Q

what is normal hematocrit in males? females?

A

males- 48-55%

females- 40-50%

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

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