Unit 4 Hematology & coag Flashcards by Gwyneth Minerva

Deficiency of hemoglobin or RBC

Anemia

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Section of the lab that is concerned with the clotting mechanism of the blood

Coagulation department

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Complete blood count.

Tests for WBC, RBC, hgb, indices and differential

CBC

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Determines the % of different types of WBCs (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) as well as RBC morphology and platelet # estimation

Differential

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Ethhlenediaminetetraacetic acid.

An anticoagulant used in the hematology tubes (lavender)

EDTA

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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Used to determine if inflammation is present

Also referred to as sed rate

ESR

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% by volume of RBCs in whole blood

Also called PCV (packed cell volume)

Hematocrit (HCT)

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Counting chamber for manual WBCs, RBCs, platelets, sperm counts, etc

Hemacytometer

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Section of the lab that studies blood cells.

May also include coagulation and urinalysis

Hematology department

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The substance in RBCs that carry oxygen and CO2

Hemoglobin

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The stoppage of bleeding

Hemostasis

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Cells involved in the clotting of blood

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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Calculations to determine the size and contents of red blood cells

Red blood cells indices

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cells containing hemoglobin that transports O2 to the bidy and CO2 away to the lungs

Red blood cells (erythrocyte)

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Immature RBC

Reticulocyte (Retic)

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Cells involved in infection cintrol and immunity

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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Stain used in hematology for doing differentials

Wright stain

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CBC - WBC, RBC, hgb, hct, indices, differential and platelet count
Retic count
Sed rate
Sickle cells
Eosinophil count

Common tests done in hematology

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Huge increase in WBC may indicate _____

Leukemia

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Normal range for WBC

5000-9000

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Number of red blood cells my indicate anemia or polycythemia or other red cell disorders

Red blood cell count

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Carries O2 to cells and CO2 away

Hemoglobin

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Normal hemoglobin range

Female : 120-160 g/L
Male: 140-180 g/L

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Reflects the relationship between the amount of RBC’s and the amount of plasma in a blood sample

Quick test for anemia

Hct

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Normal range for hematocrit

Female: 0.35-0.47 L/L Male: 0.4-0.52 L/L

Are used to determine what kind of anemia a patient may have

Indices

MCV Expressed the average volume of RBC’s Expressed in femtoliters Normal value: 80-100 fl

Mean corpuscular Volume

MCH Estimates the weight of hgb in RBC Expressed in picograms Normal value: 27-32 pg/cell

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCHC Expresses the concentration if hgb in RBCs relative to their size Expressed in g/dl (grams per deciliter) Normal value: 32-37 grams/dl

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Most common Caused by decrease in iron which is needed for hgb production Treatment is iron supplements

Iron deficiency anemia

Cause by a lack of intrinsic factor in digestive tract Treatment vitamin B12 injections

Pernicious anemia

Is required for the absorption of Vit B12, which is necessary for normal maturing of RBCs

Intrinstic factor

Failure of bone marrow to produce enough RBCs as well as WBCs and platelets Treatment is bone marrow transplant

Aplastic anemia

Caused by an excessive destruction of RBCs, often because they are deformed Causes jaundice because an increased destruction of RBCs causes an increased amount of bilirubin in the blood Treatment is splenectomy

Hemolytic Anemia

May be done on a automatic cell counter Normal value is 250000-450000 per cubic ml

Platelet count

2 types of blood smear

Thick smear Thin smear

Often used to detect malaria

Thick smear

To perform a manual differential

Thin smear

Wright staining problems

Too blue - too alkaline Too pink - too acidic Too light - staining time too short

A gold standard staining technique that is used for both thin and thick smears to examine blood for malaria parasites

Giemsa stain

One of the best stains for routine blood stain to stain the peripheral blood smear for the examinations of blood film under thr microscope and is satisfactory for malaria and other blood parasites

Leishman stain

Count the number of neut, lymphs, monos, eos and basis in 100 white blood cells

WBC differential count

Look at the RBCs to see if they ate normal Look at size, the amount of hemoglobin and shape

RBC morphology

Normal RBC size

Normocytic

Too small RBC size

Microcytic

Too large RBC size

Macrocytic

Variation of RBC sizes

Anisocytosis

Normal amount of hemoglobin

Normochromic

Not enough RBC

Hypochromic

Too much RBC

Hyperchromic

Variation of shapes in RBC

Poikilocytosis

Estimate the count and morphology

Platelet estimation

Increase in neut count could indicate a ___ ___

Bacterial infection (anything over 78%)

Increased lymph count could indicate a ___ ___

Viral infection

Increased in eos count could indicate an ___ ___

Allergy or Parasite infection

Increase or decrease in platelets could indicate ___

Bleeding or clotting problems

Increase in retics indicate?

Blood loss

Decrease in retics could indicate??

Anemia

General indication of inflammation

ESR

Manual counting chamber

Hemocytometer

Normal blood volume

4.73L

Normal WBC

5000-9000 x10^9/L

Normal RBC

4.5-5.5x10^12/L

Normal platelet

150-450x10^9/L

Are autoantibodies Produced by persons infected with mycoplasma pneumonia (atypical pneumonia) or with autoimmune hemolytic anemia These antibodies react with red cells at temperatures below body temp

Cold agglutinins

Proteins that precipitate when cold

Cryofibrinogen and cryoglobulin

A process which causes bleeding to stop

Hemostasis

A substance found in blood that when activated is converted to thrombin

Prothrombin time/INR

Converted to fibrin

Fibrinogen

Coag tests

Prothrombin time/INT (PT) INR Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) Fibrinogen Thrombin

Small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis

D-Dimer

Factor I

Fibrinogen

Factor II

prothrombin

Factor III

Tissue thromboplastin

Factor IV

Ionized Ca

Factor V

Labile factor or proaccelerin

Factor VII

Stable factor or proconvertin

Factor VIII

Plasma thromboplastin component Christmas factor

Factor X

Stuart-prower factor

Factor XI

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

Factor XII

Hageman factor

Factor XIII

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

2 coag pathways

Extrinsic and intrinsic

This pathway is responsible for imitating the coag process Test is PT

Extrinsic

Pathway is activated by trauma Test is PTT

Intrinsic

When your body’s blood clotting mechanism are activated throughout the body instead if being localized at an area if injury

DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation

tests to detect ___ PTT D-Dimer fibrinogen level platelet count PT CBC

DIC