Unit 3 Part 1 Flashcards
proper use of the human body to do work, to avoid injury or strain
Body mechanics
part of the body that bears the most weight. Feet should be 12 inches apart
Base of support
point where equal weight is above, below, and to each side
Centre of gravity
your centre of gravity must be within your base of support
balance
study of people efficiency in their working environment and is a very important factor in the well being of workers
ergonomics
flammable liquids, toxic gases
chemical hazards
caused by physical aspects of the environment
eg. radiation, noise, temperature
physical hazards
microorganisms that are capable of causing disease
eg HIV
biological hazards
elements related to the design of the workplace which stress the body physically and mentally
ergonomic hazard
conditions of work that causes physiological stress to the worker,
eg. sexual harassment
psychological hazard
device that separates a lab employee from a specimen by a glass front.
safety hood
___ is required after an accident
15 minutes
type of local ventilation device that is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or toxic fumes, vapors or dusts
fume hood
configured to protect the work on the work surface
does not protect the operator as the airflow pushes aerosols or particulates from the work surface toward the operator
laminar flow cabinets
to serve as the primary means to protect the laboratory worker and the surrounding environment from pathogens
Biological safety cabinets (BSC)
the first ___ to ___ seconds after exposure to a hazardous substance, especially a corrosive substance, are critical
10 to 15
acid into water, ____ water
dilutes
are chemical compounds used to remove or kill pathogenic organisms
disinfectants
are chemicals used to inhibit the growth of microorganism and are used to clean skin
antiseptic
paper, wood, fabric, rubber and certain plastic material
Class A
flammable liquids, oil, paint, fat and gasoline
Class B
electrical equipment
Class C
combustile metals such as sodium, potassium, uranium and powdered aluminum
Class D
cooking oil
Class K
P.A.S.S
Pull the pin
Aim
Squeeze the handle
Sweep the base of the fire
R.A.C.E
Rescue individuals in danger
Activate the fire alarm
Confine the fire by closing windows and doors
Extinguish the fire with nearest suitable fire extinguisher
best way to protect against radiation safety
Time, shield and distance
living things
organisms
living things so small that they can only be seen through a microscope
microorganisms
disease causing microorganisms
pathogen
microorganisms that may or may not be pathogens
bacteria
bacteria normally found in the body
normal flora
condition in body tissue in which pathogens have multiplied and destroyed many cells
infection
uncontaminated by harmful microorganism
clean
contaminated by harmful microorganisms
dirty
free of disease - causing organism
asepsis
preventing the conditions that allow pathogens to live, multiply and spread
also called clean technique
Medical Asepsis
technique that destroys more pathogens than medical asepsis
also called sterile technique
surgical asepsis
bacteria in the gut helps to digest food
normal flora
an infectious disease that spread through an area, community or country
endemic
more serious
infectious disease has spread to a new area
outbreak
infectious disease that has spread rapidly and has infection more people than expected
epidemic
when epidemic is spread to multiple countries and has affected a large portion of the population
pandemic
when body is invaded by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
infection
an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility is called
Nosocomial Infection or HAI
objects that harbour infectious agents and transmit infections
fomites
anything harmful or potentially harmful to health
biohazard
splashes, aerosols, fumes
airborne
neglect of washing your hand, and putting things in your mouth
ingestion
breaks in skin (cuts)
nonintact skin
accidental puncture into the skin (needle stick injuries)
percutaneous
exposure of biohazard through the mucous membranes
permucosal
highest level that a healthy person can be exposed to a substance without ill effects
TLV - threshold limit values
doing everything reasonable to protect the health and safety if individuals
due diligence
3 major drug resistant pathogens
clostridium difficile
methicillin resistant staph. aures
enterococcus
an infection growing problem in healthcare facilities
bacteria release toxins that can cause bloating and diarrhea, with abdominal pain, which may become severe
clostridium difficile
common infection in hospitals and in the community
Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus
bacteria normally found in the bowel
may cause infection in an individual with compromised immune system
spread by fecal
VRE - Vancomycin Resistant Entercocci
respiratory illness
diagnosed by mantoux test and chest x-ray and sputum cultures for AFB
TB - tuberculosis
these bacteria are resistant to almost every available treatment
major concern is the resistant to the drug carbapenems
drug resistant gram - negative bacteria
infection of the liver
Hep A, B, C
living conditions for microorganisms
Moisture
Temperature (warm or RT)
Darkness
Nourishment
most common mode of infection
direct contact
infection cycle
infectious agent
reservoir host
portal of exit
route of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
any causing disease organism (pathogen)
infectious agent
places in which microorganisms can thrive and reproduce
reservoir host
a place of exit for microorganisms to leave the reservoir
portal of exit
direct contact, air, insects, etc.
route of transmission
respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts (how it enters the new host)
portal of entry
people with suppressed immune systems (a person capable of being infected)
susceptible host
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
most common form of viral hepatitis
spread by fecal-oral routes
hepatitis A
spread through infected blood products and sexual contact
hepatitis B
