1. customer satisfaction 2. everyone is involved (management and employee) 3. constant improvement 4. procedure orientated

Unit 3 Part 2 Flashcards by Gwyneth Minerva

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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defines and classifies the hazards of chemical products, and communicates health and safety information on labels and safety data sheets

GHS (globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals)

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3 categories of labels

Physical hazards
Health hazards
Environmental hazards

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Physical hazards

Explosives
Flammable
Oxidizers
Compressed gas
Corrosive

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Health Hazards

Toxic, Death
Chronic problems or illness
Health hazard

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is responsible for the classification of all controlled products that they import, produce and or sell in Canada

The supplier

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the brand name, chemical name, common name, generic name, or trade name of the hazardous products

product identifier

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the name, address, and telephone number of either the Canadian manufacturer or the Canadian importer

initial supplier identifier

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hazard symbol within a red “square set on one of its points”

pictogram

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a word used to alert the reader to a potential hazard and to indicate the severity of the hazard

signal word

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standardized phrases which describe the nature of the hazard posed by a hazardous product

hazard statement(s)

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standardized phrases that describe measure to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product or resulting from improper handling or storage of a hazardous product

precautionary statement(s)

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some supplemental label information is required based on the the classification of the product

supplemental label information

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is a degree of excellence

quality

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is a comprehensive system for achieving continuous improvement in customer satisfaction

based on 4 principles

total quality management (TQM)

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is defined as a program or process that is designed to prevent problems in the future by evaluating present and past performance

QA (quality assurance)

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4 principles of TQM

customer satisfaction
everyone is involved (management and employee)
constant improvement
procedure orientated

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use of checks and controls to assure quality

quality controlled

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procedural part of the QA part

procedure is used to identify and to correct problems

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a comparison of current lab results with previous results for the same test on the patient

delta check

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provides information on which decisions are made for improvement

quality indicators

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are established for all quality indicators

Threshold values

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is a graph chart that quality control data is plotted on to give a visual indication whether a laboratory test is working well

Levy-Jennings chart

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are a set of rules used for laboratory quality control

Westgard rules

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can be chemically pure or serum based, in which the value is known best way to measure accuracy used to establish reference points can be used to calculate a test result

standard

are made of materials with one or more known characteristics must be run before patient specimens can be tested

controls

12 essentials in laboratory environment

1. organization 2. personnel 3. equipment 4. purchasing and history 5. process control 6. information management 7. documents and records 8. occurrence management 9. assessment 10. process improvement 11. customer service 12. facilities and safety

allows you to recognize your own strength and weakness and use this to guide on-going learning part of quality improvement

reflective practice

identification, classification and prioritization of risks chance of loss injury focuses on identifying and minimizing situations that pose potential dangers to patients and staff

risk management

2 ways risks can be managed

1. controlling the risk to avoid the incident 2. looking at the risk after it happens

2 groups of glassware

general and volumetric

adequate for storing many substances not calibrated to hold or measure an exact volume not recommended for critical measurements

general containers

manufactured from either glass or plastic most are disposable can be containers for liquid samples such as urine, serum, or whole blood

test tubes

are designed to withstand the stress of centrifugation used to separate liquids from solids during centrifugation generally have calibration marks on them have a pointed bottom whereas test tubes have a rounded bottom

centrifuge tube

used to estimate liquid amount used to mix and heat resistant to high temperatures and chemicals may or may not have calibration marks on them not used for critical measurements

beakers

used for holding and mixing liquids have measurement marks for non critical volumes sizes vary from 1 ml to 2000 ml

erlenmeyer flask

precise volumes are not measured with cylinders, but approximate measures can be made

graduated cylinders

holds various reagents used in lab testing most are made from polypropylene, a clear plastic that is resistant to most reagents some bottles may be clear some bottles may be brown to protect the reagent from light

Reagent bottles

manufactured with a rigorous calibration process to ensure measurement accuracy only glass of the finest quality is used in the manufacture

volumetric glassware

may be etched in the glassware

temperature of calibration

means the glassware is designed to deliver a designated volume

means the glassware is designed to contain a given volume of liquid

used to prepare solutions when the accuracy of the concentration is critical when liquid is placed in this type of flask, it must come up exactly to the calibration mark

Volumetric flask

the surface of a liquid that appears as a curve when placed in a container

meniscus

usually open at both ends used to transfer specific amounts of liquid from one container to another usually used for volumes between 1 and 100 milliliters

pipettes

used when the greatest accuracy and precision is required (with bulge)

volumetric pipette

not accurate enough for critical measurements and are often used for reagents (no bulge)

graduated pipette

designed to pick up and dispense a preset volume of solution

automated pipette

used to measure small volumes (1 microliter to 1 milliliter)

micropipette

if using TD pipette with a frosted band you have to?

blow out the last drops out

if using TC pipette

do not blow out the last drop

manual cleaning

soak in detergent solutions (containing bleach if necessary) rinse 7-10 times in tap water rinse 3 times in distilled water inverted glassware is placed in a hot air oven to dry (apprx 100 degrees)

main purpose is to separate blood cells from plasma and serum other body fluids are separated in a centrifuge such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid

centrifuges

RCF

relative centrifugal force

is the revolutions per minute (how fast the rotor is spinning) also called gravities generally centrifuging blood is 10 minutes at 1000g

RCF

two types of centrifuges

fixed head and horizontal head

does not move blood separates in a slanted form balanced in a mirror image

fixed head

tubes are horizontal balanced across the axis position buckets (canisters) swing out when spinning blood separates straight across

horizontal head

referred to as cytospin is a specialized centrifuge used to concentrate cells in fluid specimens onto a microscope slide so that they can be stained and examined

cytocentrifuge

is a very sensitive scale used in chemical analysis the most accurate balance provides a mass of an object to the nearest 0.0001 g used when an error smaller than 0.01 g is required

analytical balance

used to keep specimens at body temperatures in the microbiology specimen

incubators

steel container filled with water antibacterial agent is added to the H2O temperature usually controlled at 37 degrees used when it is necessary to maintain the specimen at 37 degrees for testing

water bath

analyses whole blood: counts RBC and WBC and platelets hemoglobin content, and hematocrit measures and calculates red blood cell size performs an automated differential count

electronic cell counters

can analyze many different chemistry tests on the same specimens

clinical chemistry auto analyzers

usual normal refrigerator temperature

between 2 to 8 degrees celsius

are used to store blood, chemicals, tissue cultures, and other medical samples normal temperature ranges between - 15 to - 25 degrees celsius average is - 20 degrees celsius

freezer

uses a 2 lens system: one in the ocular one in the objective

compound microscope

used to locate an object in a field

low power lens

lens is usually 40x, giving a total magnification of 400x (with ocular lens 10x) sometimes called high dry objective

High power lens

used to view blood slides, miroorganisms and sections of tissue used with a drop of immersion oil lens is 100x, giving a total magnification of 1000x (with ocular lens of 10x)

oil immersion lens

used to focus the low power lens MUST NEVER BE USED WHEN THE HIGH POWER LENS OR THE OIL IMMMERSION ARE IN PLACE

coarse adjustments

is used to achieve a clearer picture after the coarse adjustment has been used

fine adjustment

located at the base of the microscope has a condenser to focus and direct light into the objective lens

light source

types of microscopes

dark field phase-contrast fluorescent microscope electron microscope

light object/dark background

dark field

intracellular details used to examine unstained specimens

phase-contact

uses UV light

fluorescent

very expensive, high-tech microscope that uses short wave electrons

electron

a simple device used commonly in laboratories to mix small vials of liquid

vortex mixers

two types of vortex mixers

individual tubes beakers

process called sterilization destroys spores and bacteria. done at high temperatures and under high pressures

autoclave

effective operating parameters for autoclave

1. temperature; 121 degrees Celsius 2. pressure; 103.4 kPA (15 psi) 3. time; greater than 15 minutes

quality control for autoclave indicators

biological and chemical

other types of autoclave

dry heat moist heat ethylene oxide

similar to an oven which heats up to 150 - 160 degrees celsius for 1 hour

dry heat

uses boiling water to sterilize

moist heat

for devices and plastic container that cannot support conventional high temperature steam sterilization

ethylene oxide

an instrument used to measure acidity and alkalinity solution measured on a scale of 0 to 14

pH meter

if the pH value is less than 7 it is ____, if the pH is greater than 7 it is _____

acidic; alkaline

water is passed through certain processes in order to remove impurities

distilled water

is distilled water which is cooled and condensed steam

deionized water

is rarely used in the lab as it contains organic and inorganic containments that may interfere with testing

tap water

a mixture of salt and water

normal saline