Unit 4: Evolution Flashcards
Which type of selective pressure leads to speciation or the formation of new species?
Distruptive selection
Comparing the early development of organisms is known as
Comparitive embryology
Which scientist believed in the use/ disuse theory
Lamarck
A bug’s exoskeleton and a mouse’s skeletons are examples of
Analogous Structures
Which scientist believed that organisms are born with the adaptations they will have that will hopefully allow them to survive
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
Which scientist believed in the punctuated equillibrium theory
Gould and Eldridge
What is the result of natural selection
A change in the traits within the species (strong traits increase and weak traits decrease in frequency or completely disappear)
Which scientist believed that structures disappear because they are not used by the organism
Lamarck
The human tailbone is an example of a
Vestigial Structure
Which type of selective pressure favors the norm and selects agains the extremes. Over time the organisms that fall within the norm increase within the population while the extremes decrease or completely dissapear.
Stabilizing Selection
During natural selection what influences which organisms will survive and which will be more likely to die?
- Pressures of the environment
- Competition wih other organims for resources
Which type of selective pressure leads to a shift in the norm of the trait to one of the extremes.
Directional Selection
In order for a species to evolve what must exist.
Natural genetic variations
Studying the DNA and proteins of difference organims is called
Comparitive biochemistry
The arm of a human and the front limbs of your dog is an example of
homologous structures.
When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in makeup but not in function. In fact some organisms may have a reduced form of the structure that serves no purpose.
Vestigial Structures
Which scientist believed that structures in an organism develop because of the over use or innate desire to have that structure
Lamarck
Which scientist believed that famine and disease keeps the human population down
Malthus
What does survival of the fittest mean?
Those organisms that are better adapted to the challenges of the environment and competition of other organisms are more likely to survive and pass on their favorable traits to their offspring.
When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are not only similar in makeup but also in function.
Homologous Structures
Which type of selective pressure favors the extreme and against the norm?
Disruptive Selection
Which scientist believed that evolution happens in quick burst followed by long periods of little evolutionary change
Gould and Eldridge
Islands where Darwin gathered most of his specimens and data
Galapagos Islands
Which scientist believed that an organism adapts in order to survive in its environment
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
What is the one influence that all the theories of evolution have in common
Evolution occurs because of the influence of the environment
Name of the ship that Darwin sailed on during his voyage to South America including the Galapagos Islands
HMS Beagle
Which scientist believed that Earth was millions of years old
Hutton and Lyell
What is it called when humans breed specific animals such as dogs or horses
Artificial Selection
Studying the mineralized remains of organisms is called
fossil evidence
Which scientist believed that species struggle for existance
Wallace and Darwin
When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in function but not in structure.
Analogous Structures
