Spring Final Exams Flashcards
Since viruses don’t contain organelles they are referred to as ….
noncellular
(not alive)
What is the component of fungal cell walls?
chitin
Exit hole for indigested waste for the human
anus
Adds a shell around 2-3 eggs as they move caudally toward the uterus
shell gland
Sends visual stimuli to the optic lobe
Optic nerve
Kingdoms in the 1950’s
plantae
animalia
protista
fungi
monera
What are archaebacteria called that live in environments with no oxygen?
methanogens
Which type of modified stem is this underground horizontal stem an example of?
Rhizome
(ginger plant)
Collectively what are the parts of the male gametophytes of an angiosperm called?
stamen
If the filaments are below the females pistil the flower is pollinated by ____
animals
What are archaebacteria called that live in environments that are extremely hot and acidic?
thermoacidophiles
During reproduction with gametes and the asexual phase, what is formed during two consecutive rounds of mitosis?
4 zoospores
Site of fertilization
oviduct
Which type of infections target the tissues and organs of the body?
systemic
Removes salt from the shark’s body
rectal gland
Defining characterist for the plantae kingdom during the two kingdom system
sessile
During alternation of generations, which generation is diploid?
sporophyte generation
Term used to refer to vision
optic
What are disease causing bacteria referred as?
parasitic or pathogenic
What is the body of the fungus called?
mycelium
Which protists use pseudopodia?
Sarcodines
During reproduction with gametes, + and - gametes fuse to form a _____
zygote with hardens into a zygospore
Which protist is this?
Chlamydomonas
Plant-like
Chlorophyta
Caudal to the small intestines in the human
large intestine
Which type of viruses attacks bacteria?
bacteriophage
In basidiomycetes what lines the gills and produces spores during sexual reproduction?
basidia
Caudal to the spiral intestine
rectum
Caudal to the mouth
pharynx
Present day kingdom whose organims were once classified as plants during the three kingdom.
fungi
(because they mostly grow out of the ground)
What is the alternate name for a mushroom?
toadstool
Fins on the backside
dorsal fins
How is giardiasis and amoebic dysentary contracted?
indirect transmission
Drains the urea from the kidneys in the male sharks
accessory ducts
What is the niche of archaebacteria?
play a role in the creation of natural gas either in the Earth’s crust or within the digestive tracts of animals.
Where is the DNA in a bacterium found?
within the cytoplasm
For a virus that hides out in the body, where does it re-enter lytic replication?
at the synthesis phase
During alternation of generations, what does the diploid sporophyte generation create during periods of environmental stress?
spores
(by meiosis therefore spores are haploid)
Which line of defense does your skin fall within?
1st
For a virus such as HIV, where during the lytic process does it leave and enter into lysogenic replication
It leave lytic after the penetration step and enter at combination in lysogenic
Which tissue transports substances thoughout the plant?
Vascular tissue
Which ground tissue cell allows a plant to be flexible?
collenchyma
location of the gallbladder
dorsal side of the medial lobe of the liver
Drains the urea from the kidneys in the female shark
Wollfian Ducts
What type of protist undergoes alternation of generation?
Ulva
(multicellular)
Which type of ground tissue cell is this of?
collenchyma
(thicker at the corners)
What gland makes digestive enzymes for the spiral intestine?
pancrease
Main artery coming out of the heart of the shark
conus arteriosus
Which line of defense does a fever fall within?
2nd
(inflammatory response)
Where the pups exit out of the female
cloaca
Gestation period for the shark
two years
Excretory structures that both the male and female sharks have in common
kidneys
rectal gland
cloaca
Which gound tissue cells stores water and is the site of photosynthesis?
parenchyma
An order is broken down into similar
families
Two taxa used in the scientific name
genus and species
Found within the spiral intestines these help absorb nutrients for the shark.
spiral valves
Nervous system parts considered the hindbrain
Optic nerve
Optic lobe
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
A kingdom is broken down into similar
phyla
Connects the forebrain and the hindbrain
diencephalon
What is the alternate name for Deuteromycetes and what is the etymology of the name?
Imperfect Fungi
Relates to the fact that they have not been observed to reproduce sexually hense imperfect
What are fungal cells called?
hyphae
What is the proper way to write the scietific name according to the rules of binomial nomenclature?
genus is capitalized
species lowecase
Both names are underline if hand written
If typed both names are italicized
Which protist is this?
Arcella
Animal-like
Sarcodina
Prior to binary fission what must occur within the bacterium?
DNA replication
Openings that take in water and remove chemical scents from the water
Nostril nares
Coordinates muscular movement
Cerebellum
Which type of genetic recombination involves a virus?
transduction
After double fertilization what becomes of the ovule
Turns into a seed
Defining characteristic for the protista kindgdom during the three kingdom system
microscopic
Opening where food enters the shark
mouth
Vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the body
sinus venosus
List the three tissues of the plant that make up the roots, stems and leaves of a plant.
dermal
ground
vascular
Number of lobes for the shark liver
3
two long lateral lobes and one short medial lobe
Back fin closest to the head
cranial dorsal fin
Location where chemical digestion begin in the human
mouth
What type of nucleus is exchanged during conjugation?
micronucleus
Separates the specimen into equal left and right sections
midsagittal plane
Stores urine before it is excreted out through the cloaca
urinary vesicle
What opens the stomata during gas exchange to allow for photosynthesis?
Guard cells when they are turgid (high osmotic pressure)
Towards the head
cranial
What is the only organelle that bacteria contain?
Ribosomes
rRNA
Lobe of tail fin on the back side
Dorsal Lobe of the Caudal Fin
In a lichen, what is believed to be the third “wheel” in the relationship?
bacteria
(role not fully understood)
Nervous system parts considered in the forebrain
Olfactory sac
Olfactory tract
Olfactory lobe
cerebrum
Similar orders make up a
class
Which line of defense targets a specific pathogen?
3rd
Which protist is this?
Euglena
plant-like
Euglenophyta
Which vascular tissue transports water up the plant?
Xylem
(trahceids and vessel elements)
Towards the middle
medial
Detects movement in the water
lateral line system
What fungi are referred as since they break down dead or decaying organic matter?
saphrophyte
Which system of the plant anchors the plant?
Root system
What is the niche of eubacteria within our biosphere?
Decompose organic matter and return the nutrients to the environment.
Which plant organ photosynthesizes?
leaf
Found within the stomach these aid in the breakdown of the food into a liquidy substance
rugae
What type of environments are ideal for protists?
Moist
freshwater, blood or marine environments
Appear as coiled tubules ventral to the kidneys
ductus deferens
What type of protist undergoes reproduction with gametes?
Chlamydomonas
(unicellular)
Which type of tropism is the shoot of this plant exhibitting?
negative geotropism
(growing away from gravity)
What shape bacteria are these?
cocci
Which type of angiosperm is this an exaple of?
Monocot
(flower parts in multiples of 3)
Cranial to the spiral intestines
stomach
During alternation of generations, what do the haploid spores create during periods of environmental stress?
male and female gametophytes
(haploid spores divide by mitosis into haploid gametophytes)
Virues are extremely small, smaller than bacteria so they are known as….
submicroscopic
During the sexual phase of reproduction with gametes, the mature protist produces ______ instead of zoospores
+ and - gametes