Fall Final Exam Flashcards by Angela Larson

Occupies the 4th trophic level

tertiary consumers

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What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

transcription and translation

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Only eats plants

herbivore

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Which process makes the mRNA?

Transcription

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What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A, U, G, C

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In RNA which bases are complementary?

A bonds withU

C bonds with G

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The arm of a human and the front limbs of your dog is an example of

homologous structures.

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Found inside of the nucleus. They synthesize the ribosomes

nucleolus

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Diffusion

Process in which molecules move from an area of high to low concentration

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Plasmolysis

Cell membrane detaches from the cell wall

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Gamete

Sex cell

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What is is called when ammonia is formed during the nitrogen cycle?

nitrogen fixation

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Most specific level of organization

Speces

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Genetics

Scientific study of passing on traits

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Which type of RNA has anticodons

tRNA

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

It is the message that contains the important information from the DNA and was made during transcription.

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What is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria called?

Matrix

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What is an example of a heterozygous

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During osmosis water moves from a _______solution to a ___________ solution.

hypotonic to hypertonic

(TO THE HYPER!)

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Loss of osmotic pressure in an animal cell

crenation

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What are hybrids

Crosses of offspring

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Two types of electron microscopes

Scanning

and

Transmission

Electron Microscopes

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Homozygous

An organism that has the same alleles for a trait

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Three types of transport

Passive Transport Active Transport Movement of Macromolecules

Ecosystems with similar climates and domiant communites are known as

Biomes

Telophase where the DNA remains in chromosome form

Telophase I

Ecology

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment

Two components of a solution

Solvent (water) Solute (dissolved particles)

Final stable community during sucession is known as

climax community

Which scientist believed that organisms are born with the adaptations they will have that will hopefully allow them to survive

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Chance of an event occuring

Probability

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm of the cell

Where two of the three phases of aerobic respiration take place

mitochondria

Prokaryote

Single celled organism lacking a nucleus

Location within a multicelled organism where meiosis occurs.

Gonads

Where is DNA located within the cell

Nucleus

During transcription, what is the DNA strand called that the RNA polymerase uses to make the message?

sense strand

Alternate names for cell membrane

Selectively permeable membrane Lipid bilayer Semipermeable membrane Fluid Mosaic Model

What is passed between organisms in a food chain or food web?

energy (only 10%) nutrients/organic matter

What is a genotype

Type of gene

Examples of detritivores

worms bugs beetles

In order for a species to evolve what must exist.

Natural genetic variations

Which molecules react with pyruvic acid during fermentation?

2 NADH

What type of cells go through the cell cycle?

Somatic cell or diploid cells

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

Matrix of the mitochondria

Which enzyme uses the template to add a second strand of DNA during Elongation?

DNA polymerase

How many traits are crossed in a dihybrid?

Genotype with the same form of the allele

Homozygous

What is the formula for the phenotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross?

_Most dominant phenotype_: _Most recessive_

Briefly describe the process of translation?

* rRNA reads mRNA codon by codon * rRNA sends a message to the complementary anticodon (tRNA) to truck back to the ribosome the appropriate amino acid. * tRNA travels to the ribosome/mRNA complex bringing it's amino acids. * Amino acids hook together forming an amino acid chain or protein. * When the ribosome finishes reading the mRNA it detaches and goes off to find a new mRNA. * tRNA's go off into the cytoplasm to find another amino acid. * The mRNA may bond up with another ribosome and repeat the process.

Biotic

Biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem

Exploding of an animal cell

Lysing

Which enzyme untwists and unzips the DNA?

Helicase

Once the transcript has been synthesize where does it go?

Out to the ribosome

Enzyme

A protein that initiates a chemical reaction

Turgid

Swollen due to extra amounts of water

Type of symbiosis where both organisms are benefit

mutualism

What are genes

Chemical factors that determine traits

Which type of RNA has codons?

mRNA

What are different ways that probabiltiy can be expressed?

* decimal * fraction * % * ratio

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in function but not in structure.

Analogous Structures

Which nitrogenous base is complementary to Cytosine?

Guanine

How many alleles are in a parent gamete in a dihybrid?

2 | ( on from each trait)

Transcription

A complementary DNA strand is made using RNA polymerrase

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

* Lactic acid * 2 NAD+

During translation what reads the mRNA?

rRNA | (r for the reader)

What are the cells called at the conclusion of cytokinesis?

Daughter cells

Organelles only found in plant cells

Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Cell Wall

of divisions that occur during meiosis

2 Meiosis I and II

What codes for amino acids?

Codons on the mRNA | (codons code)

genetic makeup of an organism

genotype

Each step in a food chain or food web is known as a?

trophic level

Where does transcription take place?

Stage of water cycle where water changes from a liquid to a gas

evaporation or transpiration

Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

Theodore Schwann

Organism this is made up of more than one cell is called?

multicellular

When the rRNA reads the mRNA what receives a signal from the ribosome?

tRNA

The sides of a DNA molecule composed of????

alternating sugar and phosphates

Which form of DNA is condensed?

Chromosome

Type of solution that has the same concentration of solute as the other solution

isotonic

Type of meiosis that is also known as the reduction division

meiosis I (DNA has been reduced in half during Cytokinesis I)

Which nitrogenous base is complementary to Adenine?

Thymine

Occupies the 2nd trophic level

Primary consumer

Type of microscope that can view a living organism

Light microscope

What is the study of the interactions of living organisms and the interactions of living organisms and their environment?

Ecology

What bacteria add back into the biosphere

nutrients

Type of solution that is more dilute than the other solution.

hypotonic solution

Organelles only in animal cells

Lysosomes Cilia and Flagella Cytoskeleton

When determining the parent gametes in a dihybrid, which of Mendel's laws applies?

Law of independent assortment (alleles sort independently of one another into separate gametes)

What are the three types of RNA?

tRNA ( transfer) mRNA (messenger) rRNA (ribosomal) also known as the ribosome

Type of commumity interaction where two organisms live closely together

symbiosis

Type of sucession that begins from bare rock

primary succession

What is true-breeding

Offspring is identical to themselves

A series of feeding relationships is know as a

food chain

Type of cross involving the crossing of one trait at a time

monohybrid

What is the human diploid number?

2n=46

Gates within the cell membrane

Integral proteins

Chemosynthesis

Plants use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in makeup but not in function. In fact some organisms may have a reduced form of the structure that serves no purpose.

Vestigial Structures

What are the products of cellular respiration?

* 6 Carbon dioxides * 6 waters * 36 ATP

Which scientist believed in the punctuated equillibrium theory

Gould and Eldridge

Consumes both meat and plants

omnivores

Which products of Krebs Cycle move on to the ETC

8 NADH 2 FADH₂

Up to how many numbers are there in a phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid?

Unicellular

One cell

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

carbohydrates that attach to hydrophillic heads in the membrane

glycolipids

Type of sugar found in DNA

deoxyribose

What is the formula for a dihybrid phenotypic ration

DD : Dr : rD : rr

When you are completing a translation problem what molecule are you representing?

You are the rRNA or ribosome as you read the mRNA codon by codon. You then use the codon chart to determine the amino acids chain.

Movement of water from high to low concentrations.

Osmosis

Eukaryotic

An organism whose cell contains a nucleus

What is it called when humans breed specific animals such as dogs or horses

Artificial Selection

Consume food in order to get the nutrients and energy that is required for their survival

heterotrophs

What are the 4 bases of DNA?

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine

Studying the mineralized remains of organisms is called

fossil evidence

What is the responsibility of the codon?

Codons code for specific amino acids | (codons code!)

Monohybrid

Only one trait is being crossed

Which scientist believed that Earth was millions of years old

Hutton and Lyell

Level of organization that studies the interactions of communities and between communities and their environment

Ecosystem

Designation of the parent cell in meiosis that has two of every DNA molecule

Diploid

Formula for percent deviaiton?

(Sum of the differences between expected and observed) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ totall # of occurances then multiple by 100 to get a %

What are the folds of the inner membrane called?

cristae

DNA goes back from chromosome to chromatin

Telophase II

Cells that result from cytokinesis II

* Haploid cells * Gametes

How many alleles are found in a parent genotype in a dihybrid cross?

Phase of meiosis where the centromeres split

Anaphase II

During which phase of aerobic respiration is the water produced?

ETC

Process that allows autotrophs to synthesize their own food

Photosynthesis or Chemosynthesis

Where does the electron transport take place?

cristae of the mitochondria | (inner membrane folds)

Category of transport that does not require energy from the cell

Passive transport

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell split into two daughter cells?

C phase or cytokinesis

What is genetic segregation

Separation of alleles

Autotroph

Creates it's own food(producer)

Cloning

Creating a genetically identical organism from DNA

Lysis

Cell membrane bursts

Examples of decomposers

bacteria and fungi

Phase where the tetrads like up along the equatorial plate

Metaphase I

Experimenting

Testing a hypothesis by making a lab

Meiosis

Cell division that produces 4 sex cells

Only eat meat

carnivore

Trophic level

Shows the energy flow of food between organisms

Type of micoscope we use in the classroom

light microscope

Which phase is also known as the away phase?

Anaphase

What is the result of natural selection

A change in the traits within the species (strong traits increase and weak traits decrease in frequency or completely disappear)

Physical apperance due to the expression of a genotype

Phenotype

During which phase of interphase does the DNA get copied?

S phase

Contains the genetic material of the cell

nucleus

Biogeochemical

Process by which chemical compounds are passed from one organism to another

Which biome do we live within

Temperate forest

What would be the gametes from the following parent TtHH

* TH * TH * tH * tH

What is each half of a chromosome called?

sister chromatid

Another name for heterozygous

Hybrid

Phase where the chromosomes line up along the equator in a single file line

Metaphase II

Phase where the tetrads split

Anaphase I

Which scientist believed that species struggle for existance

Wallace and Darwin

Makes proteins for the membrane or for export to other cells

Rough ER

Which nitrogenous base is complementary to Thymine?

Adenine

Act as name tags for the cell

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins

What is the one influence that all the theories of evolution have in common

Evolution occurs because of the influence of the environment

The simplest level of organization where abiotic factors come in to play

Ecosytem

Which sugar is RNA composed of?

ribose (which is what the R in RNA stands for)

Nitrogen fixation

Process if turning nitrogen gas into ammonia

Which scientist believed that famine and disease keeps the human population down

Malthus

Type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic cells

What type of bonds hold the two nitrogenous bases together?

Hydrogen Bonds

Which phase of mitosis takes the longest and why?

Prophase because the DNA has to condense into the chromosome form.

During which phase of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide into two?

M phase or mitosis

Respiration

Process which organisms take in oxygen and turn it into energy

How many strands is RNA?

1 (single stranded)

What is the second stage of protein synthesis?

## Footnote translation

How do chromosomes line up during metaphse?

In a single file line

Which scientist believed that structures disappear because they are not used by the organism

Lamarck

What process synthesizes DNA?

DNA replication

Which type of selective pressure favors the norm and selects agains the extremes. Over time the organisms that fall within the norm increase within the population while the extremes decrease or completely dissapear.

Stabilizing Selection

What is the mRNA or the message also known as?

the transcript (because it's the product of ** transcript**ion)

Number of gametes from each parent during a monohybrid

Niche

Full range if biological conditions in which an organism lives

What are the three phases of interphase?

* G1 * S * G2

What is genetics

The study of heredity

Which type of selective pressure lease to a shift in the norm of the trait to one of the extremes previous extremes.

Directional Selection

List how much ATP is synthesized in each of the three phases of aerobic respiration.

* Glycolysis: net gain of 2 * Krebs Cycle: 2 * ETC: 32

What are gametes

Sex cells

What is a phenotype

Physical attributes

Came up with the word cell

Robert Hooke

Which type of selective pressure favors the extreme and against the norm?

Disruptive Selection

Solid food and bacteria enter cells through

phagocytosis

Abiotic

Physical or nonliving factors that shape an ecosystem

Type of passive transport involves the movement of gases across the membrane from high to low concentrations

diffusion

Describe the activity of the centrioles during prophase

* Migrate to opposite poles of the cell. * grow spindle fibers

Phospholipid

Main part of the lipid bilayer

What enzyme put the DNA molecules back into the double helix shape during termination?

helicase

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

* glucose * 6 oxygen molecules

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Type of symbiosis where one organism is harmed

Parasitism

Father of genetics

Gregor Mendel

Comparing the early development of organisms is known as

Comparitive embryology

How does the ribosome read the mRNA?

Codon by codon

Cell cycle

Series of events cella go through to reproduce and divide

Makes phospholipids for the cell membrane

smooth ER

Where do the amino acids come from that are attached to the tRNA's?

From the food that you eat. They enter your cells by phagocytosis.

During passive transport how do molecules move?

* From high to low concentration * Down the conentration gradient.

Succession

Slow regular sequence of development in a community

Law that explains how alleles segrate during a gamete formation

Law of Segregation

Chromosomes that contain the same type of genes

homologous chromosomes

What are the three phases of aerobic Cellular Respiration?

* Glycolysis * Kreb's Cycle * Electron Transport Chain

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

It trucks around amino acids back to the ribosome only when it's complementary to the codon on the mRNA.

Mitosis

Part of cell division when the nucleus divides

Describe the DNA molecules at the conclusion of DNA replication?

Each DNA molecule is half old and half new. (semiconservative model)

During which phase of the cell cylce does DNA copy?

S phase of interphase

Which scientist believed that structures in an organism develop because of the over use or innate desire to have that structure

Lamarck

Replication

Process that copies organisms DNA

Type of molecule DNA is an example of?

Nucleic Acid

Number of cells that result from entire meiotic process

Which nitrogenous base is complementary to Guanine?

Cytosine

Building blocks of a DNA molecule

nucleotide

Multicellular

more than one cell

Type of solution that has more solvent and less solute

hypotonic

Denitrification

Conversion of nitrogen into gas

Phenotype

The genetic makeup of an organisms specific trait

Transformation

Change due to genes

When you are completing a transcription problem what molecule are you representing?

You are the RNA polymerase because you look at the sense strand (DNA) and determine what the complementary RNA nucleotides are as you create the mRNA.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ releases large products or waste molecules out of the cell.

Exocytosis

Another name for water cycle

hydrologic cycle

Stage of water cycle that follows precipitation after days of raining

runoff

What is the mRNA codon complementary to?

tRNA anticodon

Cell

Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from it's surroundings

Translation

The decoding of RNA into amino acids

Type of transport that takes in large molecules into the cell...so large they can't fit through the phospholipids or the integral proteins.

endocytosis

What is the role of rRNA?

It reads the message codon by codon during the translation process

Type of meiosis that forms the eggs

oogenesis (remember only one cell becomes an egg; the remaining three dissolve)

Diversity of life is known as

biodiversity

What product from fermentation drives the glycolysis process?

* 2 NAD+

Concluded that all plants are made up of cells

Matthias Schleiden

Crenation

Cell shrinks by osmosis water leaves cell

Genotype with different forms of the allele

Heterozygous

All the biomes plus the atmosphere are known as the

biosphere

Where do we find the majority of phosphorus within our biosphere?

locked up in rock and sediment.

Two types of endocytosis

phagocytosis pinocytosis

Type of transport that requires the use of ATP by the cell

Active Transport

During which phase of mitosis does DNA turn into the chromatin form?

Telophase

Designation of the daughter cells since they only have one set of DNA

haploid

Why is nitrogen necessary for a unicellular or mulitcellular organism?

for proteins

During which phase of interphase does the cell enlarge?

What is rRNA also referred as?

ribosome

Which organelle do spindle fibers grow out of?

centrioles

Loss of osmotic pressure in a plant cell

plasmolysis

What did Mendel first experiment with

Pea plants

During cellular respiration, this organelle breaks down large carbohydrate molecules into individual glucose molecules.

Lysosome

During the nitrogen cycle what are the bacteria called that change waste into ammonia?

decomposing bacteria

What is an example of homozygous recessive

attach to glycoproteins

Peripheral proteins

What is the cell's purpose in making mRNA?

DNA contains genes for making proteins at the ribosome. However DNA can't leave the nuclesu because it's double stranded. Instead mRNA (the message) is made with only the important information. Since mRNA is single stranded it CAN leave the nucleus and join the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Stage of water cycle where water turns from a gas to a liquid

condensation

Three main molecules that make up a cell membrane

Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates

Which scientist believed that an organism adapts in order to survive in its environment

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Islands where Darwin gathered most of his specimens and data

Galapagos Islands

Receives the products of the ER's and ships them to the membrane for export.

Golgi apparatus

Component of cell walls

Cellulose

Type of cell that lacks a nucleus

prokaryotic cell

Occupies the 3rd trophic level

secondary consumers

Hormones and secretions enter a cell through...

pinocytosis

During anaphase, when the sister chromatids detach and move to opposite poles of the cell, what are the DNA molecules now called?

daughter chromomsomes

During which phase of interphase are the organelles doubled?

G2 phase

The hunter is known as

predator

Why is carbon necessary for a unicellular or mulitcellular organism?

to organic molecules

Type of community interaction where one organisms hunts another

predation

stage of water cycle prior to condensation

evaporation or transpiration

Which process happens first in protein synthesis?

## Footnote transcription

What leads to condensation?

Cooling of the atmosphere

What splits at the beginning of anaphase?

centromeres

What returns during telophase?

* Nuclei * Nucleoli

Occupies the 5th trophic level

quaternary consumers

The human tailbone is an example of a

Vestigial Structure

Genotype

Genetic part of an organisms specific trait

Probability

The chances of a certain outcome

What is fertilization

Male and female reproductive cells joining

Organelle

Specialized structure that preforms an important function in a cell

Synthesis

Existing DNA is used as a template to make more DNA

What a tetrad is referring to

4 sister chromatids

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are not only similar in makeup but also in function.

Homologous Structures

Type of microscope that gives us an external 3D view of a specimen

Scanning electron microsope

Type of solution that has more solute and less solvent

hypertonic

Observing

First step in an experiment

Type of cell that is synthesized during meiosis?

Gamete

Which type of fermentation do yeast go through?

alcoholic fermentation

They are at the top of the food chain and aren't consumed by an other organism besides decomposers

Apex predator/consumer

Where does translation take place?

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome (either at the free or bound ribosomes)

Helps make the cells mobile

cilia and flagella

What are alleles

Different forms of a gene

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

What does the DNA coil around to form a sister chromatid?

histone proteins

Begin the breakdown of a dead organism

detritivores

Type of cell that bacteria are classified as

prokaryotic cell

Dihybrid

2 traits being crossed

Which form of DNA is long and thin?

Chromatin

Why is phosphorus necessary for a unicellular or mulitcellular organism?

for the synthesis of DNA or RNA

During which phase of cellular respiration is the carbon dioxide produced?

Krebs Cycle

Which scientist believed that evolution happens in quick burst followed by long periods of little evolutionary change

Gould and Eldridge

What are the three main phases of the cell cycle?

* Interphase * M phase (mitosis) * C phase (cytokinesis)

What are the three phases of DNA replication?

Initiation Elongation Termination

Microscope that thinnly slices the speciman. Electrons are then forced through the speciman. The rate at which the electrons are collected on the other side is used to put together an image

Transmission electron microscope

Which products of glycolysis move on to the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvic acid

Occupies the 1st trophic level

producers

How many nucleotides make up one codon?

three nucleotides or bases

Order of the genotypic ratio of a monohybrid

_Homozygous dominan_t: _Hetero_: _Homozygous recessive_

What does survival of the fittest mean?

Those organisms that are better adapted to the challenges of the environment and competition of other organisms are more likely to survive and pass on their favorable traits to their offspring.

Which enzyme prepares the DNA and exposes the sense strand during transcription?

helicase

Heterotroph

Eats other heterotrophs for food(consumer)

What stops with bacteria in terms of feeding relationships

energy

First to look at protozoa (moving living organisms) in pond water

Anton Van Leewenhooke

Increase in osmotic pressure in an plant cell leads to the cell becoming \_\_\_\_

turgid

What disappears during prophase of mitosis?

Nucleus and nucleolus

What shape is DNA?

Double Helix

What is the center of the cell also known as?

* Equator * Equatorial plate * Metaphase plate

Studying the DNA and proteins of difference organims is called

Comparitive biochemistry

Which products of glycolysis move on to the electron transport chain?

2 NADH molecules

Segregation

Separating the parents alleles

Finalize the breakdown of dead organisms

decomposers

What is an example of homozygous dominant

A number of the same organisms make up

Populations

A bug's exoskeleton and a mouse's skeletons are examples of

Analogous Structures

The pairing of like chromsomes

* Homologous pairs * Synapsis * Tetrad

Original source of energy in the ecosystem

Sun

Formula for probability

1 / total number of occurance

What aids in atmospheric fixation?

Lightening

Which type of selective pressure leads to speciation or the formation of new species?

Distruptive selection

Phase after Cytokinesis I

Prophase I (No interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II)

Another name for homozygous

purebred

Part of the phospholipid that faces the cytoplasm or the environment

Hydrophillic phospholipid head

What are the products of alchoholic fermentation?

* ethyl alcohol * 2 NAD+ * 2 carbon dioxides

What happens to the DNA during telophase?

Uncondenses/unwinds back into the chromatin long and thin form?

Part of the phospholipid that doesn't like the solvent in the cytoplasm or the environment

Fatty Acid Tails

Which scientist believed in the use/ disuse theory

Lamarck

Locations where secondary succession might occur from

abandoned farmfield newly created shallow pond after a forest fire, tornado or flood

Photosynthesis

Process plants use to make glucose

Phase of meiosis where the homologous pairs form?

Prophase I

The animal being hunted is called the

prey

During natural selection what influences which organisms will survive and which will be more likely to die?

* Pressures of the environment * Competition wih other organims for resources

Many different populations make up....

communities

What do we call the bacteria that change ammonia, nitrates and nitrites back into atmosheric nitrogen?

denitrifying bacteria

What moves the chromosomes to the equator during metaphase?

spindle fibers

Regulates the movement of food into the cell and waste out of the cell

Cell membrane

Which phase is known as the middle phase?

metaphase

Type of meiosis that forms sperm

spermatogenesis

What is the cell called at the beginning of the cell cycle?

Parent Cell

Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells

Rudolf Virchow

During which phase of mitosis do the DNA molecules form chromosomes?

Prophase

Type of meiosis that is just like mitosis

meiosis II

Organisms that are only one cell in size are known as....

unicellular

Stage of water cycle following infiltration or seepage

root uptake

How many numbers are there in a phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

2 \_\_\_: \_\_\_\_

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

C₆H₁₂O₆

Microscope that gives us an internal up-close view of a speciman

Transmission Electron Microscope

Evaporation from plants

transpiration

first organisms to settle an area during sucession

pioneers

Possible numbers in a genotype ratio of a monohybrid cross

3 \_:\_:\_

Name of the ship that Darwin sailed on during his voyage to South America including the Galapagos Islands

HMS Beagle

Diffusion through an integral protein from high to low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion

Microscope that coats the speciman with a metal. Electrons bounce off the speciman and produce and image

Scanning electron microscope

What method is used to determine the gametes of a parent in a dihybrid

FOIL * First * Outside * Inside * Last

Helps to move around organelles inside the cell as well as products fromt he ER's to the Golgi bodies.

Cytoskeleton

Type of symbiosis where one organisms benefits and the other is not benefitting or being harmed

commensalism

Phase of meiosis where the cells become haploid

Cytokinesis I

Have the ability to make their own food

Autotrophs

A protien is a macromolecule that is composed of the _____ building blocks

amino acid

Permeable

Allowing molecules to pass through

The "steps" of a DNA molecule is made up of???

During the nitrogen cycle what process fixes atmospheric nitrogen into the ground?

atmospheric fixation

If transcription synthesizes the mRNA, what is formed during translation?

the protein or amino acid chains

Type of solution that is more concentrated than the other solution.

hypertonic solution

Type of community interaction where organisms fight for a mate

competition

Three types of passive transport

* Diffusion * Osmosis * Facilitated Diffusion