Unit 3: Protein Synthesis

Question 1

During translation what reads the mRNA?

Answer 1

rRNA

(r for the reader)

Question 2

What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 2

transcription and translation

Question 3

When you are completing a transcription problem what molecule are you representing?

Answer 3

You are the RNA polymerase because you look at the sense strand (DNA) and determine what the complementary RNA nucleotides are as you create the mRNA.

Question 4

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Answer 4

A, U, G, C

Question 5

When you are completing a translation problem what molecule are you representing?

Answer 5

You are the rRNA or ribosome as you read the mRNA codon by codon. You then use the codon chart to determine the amino acids chain.

Question 6

Which process makes the mRNA?

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

How many nucleotides make up one codon?

Answer 7

three nucleotides or bases

Question 8

Once the transcript has been synthesize where does it go?

Answer 8

Out to the ribosome

Question 9

What codes for amino acids?

Answer 9

Codons on the mRNA

(codons code)

Question 10

Which type of RNA has anticodons

Answer 10

tRNA

Question 11

Where does translation take place?

Answer 11

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome

(either at the free or bound ribosomes)

Question 12

Where do the amino acids come from that are attached to the tRNA’s?

Answer 12

From the food that you eat. They enter your cells by phagocytosis.

Question 13

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 13

tRNA ( transfer)

mRNA (messenger)

rRNA (ribosomal) also known as the ribosome

Question 14

What is the role of rRNA?

Answer 14

It reads the message codon by codon during the translation process

Question 15

What is the responsibility of the codon?

Answer 15

Codons code for specific amino acids

(codons code!)

Question 16

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 16

nucleus

(that’s where the DNA is)

Question 17

Which enzyme prepares the DNA and exposes the sense strand during transcription?

Answer 17

helicase

Question 18

A protien is a macromolecule that is composed of the _____ building blocks

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 19

How does the ribosome read the mRNA?

Answer 19

Codon by codon

Question 20

If transcription synthesizes the mRNA, what is formed during translation?

Answer 20

the protein

or

amino acid chains

Question 21

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 21

It is the message that contains the important information from the DNA and was made during transcription.

Question 22

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

Answer 22

It trucks around amino acids back to the ribosome only when it’s complementary to the codon on the mRNA.

Question 23

What is the second stage of protein synthesis?

Answer 23

translation

Question 24

In RNA which bases are complementary?

Answer 24

A bonds withU

C bonds with G

Question 25

What is rRNA also referred as?

Answer 25

ribosome

Question 26

When the rRNA reads the mRNA what receives a signal from the ribosome?

Answer 26

tRNA

Question 27

How many strands is RNA?

Answer 27

1 (single stranded)

Question 28

Which sugar is RNA composed of?

Answer 28

ribose (which is what the R in RNA stands for)

Question 29

Which process happens first in protein synthesis?

Answer 29

## Footnote transcription

Question 30

During transcription, what is the DNA strand called that the RNA polymerase uses to make the message?

Answer 30

sense strand

Question 31

Briefly describe the process of translation?

Answer 31

* rRNA reads mRNA codon by codon * rRNA sends a message to the complementary anticodon (tRNA) to truck back to the ribosome the appropriate amino acid. * tRNA travels to the ribosome/mRNA complex bringing it's amino acids. * Amino acids hook together forming an amino acid chain or protein. * When the ribosome finishes reading the mRNA it detaches and goes off to find a new mRNA. * tRNA's go off into the cytoplasm to find another amino acid. * The mRNA may bond up with another ribosome and repeat the process.

Question 32

What is the cell's purpose in making mRNA?

Answer 32

DNA contains genes for making proteins at the ribosome. However DNA can't leave the nuclesu because it's double stranded. Instead mRNA (the message) is made with only the important information. Since mRNA is single stranded it CAN leave the nucleus and join the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 33

What is the mRNA or the message also known as?

Answer 33

the transcript (because it's the product of ** transcript**ion)

Question 34

Which type of RNA has codons?

Answer 34

mRNA

Question 35

What is the mRNA codon complementary to?

Answer 35

tRNA anticodon