Cell Test Review: (all decks combined) Flashcards
1
Q
Which phase is known as the middle phase?
A
metaphase
2
Q
Describe the activity of the centrioles during prophase
A
- Migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
- grow spindle fibers
3
Q
Came up with the word cell
A
Robert Hooke
4
Q
Two types of endocytosis
A
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
5
Q
What returns during telophase?
A
- Nuclei
- Nucleoli
6
Q
Three types of transport
A
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Movement of Macromolecules
7
Q
attach to glycoproteins
A
Peripheral proteins
8
Q
During which phase of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide into two?
A
M phase or mitosis
9
Q
Microscope that coats the speciman with a metal. Electrons bounce off the speciman and produce and image
A
Scanning electron microscope
10
Q
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell split into two daughter cells?
A
C phase or cytokinesis
11
Q
Diffusion through an integral protein from high to low concentration.
A
Facilitated diffusion
12
Q
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?
A
- Lactic acid
- 2 NAD+
13
Q
During passive transport how do molecules move?
A
- From high to low concentration
- Down the conentration gradient.
14
Q
How do chromosomes line up during metaphse?
A
In a single file line
15
Q
What is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria called?
A
Matrix
16
Q
Category of transport that does not require energy from the cell
A
Passive transport
17
Q
What type of cells go through the cell cycle?
A
Somatic cell
or
diploid cells
18
Q
During which phase of mitosis do the DNA molecules form chromosomes?
A
Prophase
19
Q
Loss of osmotic pressure in an animal cell
A
crenation
20
Q
Exploding of an animal cell
A
Lysing
21
Q
Two types of electron microscopes
A
Scanning
and
Transmission
Electron Microscopes
22
Q
Which organelle do spindle fibers grow out of?
A
centrioles
23
Q
Which form of DNA is condensed?
A
Chromosome
24
Q
Found inside of the nucleus. They synthesize the ribosomes
A
nucleolus
25
Organelles only in animal cells
Lysosomes
Cilia and Flagella
Cytoskeleton
26
Movement of water from high to low concentrations.
Osmosis
27
During osmosis water moves from a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_solution to a ___________ solution.
hypotonic to hypertonic
(TO THE HYPER!)
28
Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells
Rudolf Virchow
29
Which products of glycolysis move on to the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvic acid
30
Part of the phospholipid that doesn't like the solvent in the cytoplasm or the environment
Fatty Acid Tails
31
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ releases large products or waste molecules out of the cell.
Exocytosis
32
Type of solution that is more concentrated than the other solution.
hypertonic solution
33
During which phase of mitosis does DNA turn into the chromatin form?
Telophase
34
Which form of DNA is long and thin?
Chromatin
35
carbohydrates that attach to hydrophillic heads in the membrane
glycolipids
36
Which molecules react with pyruvic acid during fermentation?
2 NADH
37
Type of solution that has more solute and less solvent
hypertonic
38
Type of solution that is more dilute than the other solution.
hypotonic solution
39
Component of cell walls
Cellulose
40
Concluded that all animals are made up of cells
Theodore Schwann
41
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Matrix of the mitochondria
42
What are the products of alchoholic fermentation?
* ethyl alcohol
* 2 NAD+
* 2 carbon dioxides
43
What is the human diploid number?
2n=46
44
What moves the chromosomes to the equator during metaphase?
spindle fibers
45
What happens to the DNA during telophase?
Uncondenses/unwinds back into the chromatin long and thin form?
46
During anaphase, when the sister chromatids detach and move to opposite poles of the cell, what are the DNA molecules now called?
daughter chromomsomes
47
Gates within the cell membrane
Integral proteins
48
Type of microscope that gives us an external 3D view of a specimen
Scanning electron microsope
49
Type of microscope that can view a living organism
Light microscope
50
Concluded that all plants are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
51
During cellular respiration, this organelle breaks down large carbohydrate molecules into individual glucose molecules.
Lysosome
52
Makes phospholipids for the cell membrane
smooth ER
53
First to look at protozoa (moving living organisms) in pond water
Anton Van Leewenhooke
54
What disappears during prophase of mitosis?
Nucleus
and
nucleolus
55
Helps to move around organelles inside the cell as well as products fromt he ER's to the Golgi bodies.
Cytoskeleton
56
Type of micoscope we use in the classroom
light microscope
57
Solid food and bacteria enter cells through
phagocytosis
58
What splits at the beginning of anaphase?
centromeres
59
Which products of Krebs Cycle move on to the ETC
8 NADH
2 FADH2
60
What are the cells called at the conclusion of cytokinesis?
Daughter cells
61
During which phase of aerobic respiration is the water produced?
ETC
62
Increase in osmotic pressure in an plant cell leads to the cell becoming \_\_\_\_
turgid
63
Act as name tags for the cell
Glycolipids
and
Glycoproteins
64
What are the folds of the inner membrane called?
cristae
65
Which type of fermentation do yeast go through?
alcoholic fermentation
66
What are the three main phases of the cell cycle?
* Interphase
* M phase (mitosis)
* C phase (cytokinesis)
67
Type of transport that takes in large molecules into the cell...so large they can't fit through the phospholipids or the integral proteins.
endocytosis
68
Type of passive transport involves the movement of gases across the membrane from high to low concentrations
diffusion
69
Loss of osmotic pressure in a plant cell
plasmolysis
70
During which phase of interphase does the cell enlarge?
G1
71
Microscope that thinnly slices the speciman. Electrons are then forced through the speciman. The rate at which the electrons are collected on the other side is used to put together an image
Transmission electron microscope
72
What are the three phases of aerobic Cellular Respiration?
* Glycolysis
* Kreb's Cycle
* Electron Transport Chain
73
Three main molecules that make up a cell membrane
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
74
Helps make the cells mobile
cilia and flagella
75
Two components of a solution
Solvent (water)
Solute (dissolved particles)
76
Type of cell that bacteria are classified as
prokaryotic cell
77
Receives the products of the ER's and ships them to the membrane for export.
Golgi apparatus
78
Where does the electron transport take place?
cristae of the mitochondria
| (inner membrane folds)
79
Hormones and secretions enter a cell through...
pinocytosis
80
During which phase of cellular respiration is the carbon dioxide produced?
Krebs Cycle
81
Type of transport that requires the use of ATP by the cell
Active Transport
82
What product from fermentation drives the glycolysis process?
* 2 NAD+
83
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm of the cell
84
What is the center of the cell also known as?
* Equator
* Equatorial plate
* Metaphase plate
85
Microscope that gives us an internal up-close view of a speciman
Transmission Electron Microscope
86
Which products of glycolysis move on to the electron transport chain?
2 NADH molecules
87
What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
* glucose
* 6 oxygen molecules
88
Type of cell that lacks a nucleus
prokaryotic cell
89
What does the DNA coil around to form a sister chromatid?
histone proteins
90
During which phase of interphase does the DNA get copied?
S phase
91
Type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
eukaryotic cells
92
During which phase of interphase are the organelles doubled?
G2 phase
93
What are the products of cellular respiration?
* 6 Carbon dioxides
* 6 waters
* 36 ATP
94
What is the cell called at the beginning of the cell cycle?
Parent Cell
95
Three types of passive transport
* Diffusion
* Osmosis
* Facilitated Diffusion
96
Contains the genetic material of the cell
nucleus
97
Type of solution that has the same concentration of solute as the other solution
isotonic
98
Organelles only found in plant cells
Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole
Cell Wall
99
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
100
Type of solution that has more solvent and less solute
hypotonic
101
Which phase is also known as the away phase?
Anaphase
102
Part of the phospholipid that faces the cytoplasm or the environment
Hydrophillic phospholipid head
103
Organisms that are only one cell in size are known as....
unicellular
104
Regulates the movement of food into the cell and waste out of the cell
Cell membrane
105
Which phase of mitosis takes the longest and why?
Prophase because the DNA has to condense into the chromosome form.
106
List how much ATP is synthesized in each of the three phases of aerobic respiration.
* Glycolysis: net gain of 2
* Krebs Cycle: 2
* ETC: 32
107
Organism this is made up of more than one cell is called?
multicellular
108
Makes proteins for the membrane or for export to other cells
Rough ER
109
Alternate names for cell membrane
Selectively permeable membrane
Lipid bilayer
Semipermeable membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
110
What is each half of a chromosome called?
sister chromatid
111
What are the three phases of interphase?
* G1
* S
* G2
