Unit 4 - AC3.1 - Explain The Role Of Agencies In Social Control Flashcards
What are the 6 agencies used in social control
Police / cps / judiciary / prisons / nps / charities and pressure groups
Philosophy of the police
Integrity and honesty, authority and respect and courtesy, equality and diversity
Aims and objectives of the police
Keep peace, protect, prevent and investigate crime, and achieve justice
What is the funding of the police
2020/21 £15.2 billion budget, sources: gov 2/3, rest council tax
Working practices of the police
specialist roles eg neighbourhood officers and criminal investigation departments (CID).
Specialist operations eg anti corruption, firearms, dog handling
Ranks eg Constable, sergeant, inspector, superintendent
Reach if police
39 forces in eng 4 in wales
philosophy of the cps
Independence and fairness, honesty, respect, professionalism, equality and inclusion
Aims and objectives of cps
Set up in 1986 to take over the prosecuting role from the police, advise police, assess evidence, prepare for prosecution, help victims
Funding of cps
Most from gov, 1/2 billion per year, in 2018 budget fell by 25% and lost half of staff
Reach of cps
14 teams in eng and wales and is available 24/7
Working practices of the cps
The evidential test
The public interest test
The threshold test
Philosophy of the judiciary
Be loyal to the king, equal application of the law, swear 2 oaths: oath of allegiance and judicial oath
Aims and objectives of the judiciary
Interpret and apply the law in cases, manage trial and ensure fairness
Funding of the judiciary
Pay is based on the advice of the senior sales body, average senior judge earns around £262,000
Working practices of the judiciary
Responsible for decisions regarding freedoms, rights and duties of people, fair and neutral administration of justice, free from political control and can’t be dismissed by the gov
Reach of the judiciary
Most senior level: Supreme Court - national importance, around 90 English crown courts
Philosophy of prisons
Preventing victims by changing the lives of offenders,
Aims and objectives of prison
1- protect public from harm
2- help convicts to rehab so can positively contribute to society
3- hold prisoners securely + implement court orders
Funding of the police
Paid for by using tax / budget in 2018 was £3 billion - 16% lower than 2010 / 15% fall in officers 2010-2018 / cost of keeping prisoner in public prison in 2019 = £41,136
Working practices of the prison
2019 = 121 prisons, 80,000 prisons at one time / divided into categories depending on level of security required / if prisoners behave they can earn incentives and earned privileges(IEPs)
Types of criminality and offender in prison
High risk offenders who are deemed unsuitable to be in the community / ranges murder down to theft
Reach of prisons
Nationally organised / first placed in local prison then may be moved elsewhere
Philosophy of the nps
Offenders can change for the better / believe in worth and dignity of the individual/ commit to social justice, inclusion, equality and diversity
Aims and objectives of the nps
‘Statutory criminal justice system that supervised high risk offenders released into the community and provides statutory support to victims of serious sexual or violent crimes’
Supervised two types of criminals:
1- those serving community sentence
2- those released on licence
Funding of the nps
Part of hm p&p - 2018 budget = £4.6 billion provided by tax
Working practices of the nps
Prepare pre-sentence reports / manages approves premises for offenders / assesses prisoners in prison to prepare them for release / communicate with and prioratise well being of victim of crime when sentence was +12 months
Types of criminality and offender of nps
Around 250,000 offenders on probation at one time - deemed safe enough for community
National and local reach of nps
National service with same standards throughout the country
What is a charity or pressure group
Voluntary organisation to promote people’s welfare
Difference between charity and pressure group
Charity = to provide help
Pressure group = to achieve change
Philosophy of c&p groups
NACRO social justice charity seeks to change lives , strengthen communities and prevent crime
Aims and objectives of c&p groups
Aims to overcome the ex prisoner stereotype by providing services like housing, education, resettlement advice and outreach projects
Campaigns in c&p groups
NACRO campaigns to change laws and policing effecting ex offenders by reforming the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974, it supports the ban the box campaign too
Funding of c&p groups
NACRO Income of around £50 million pa from public donations, gov grants and contracts for providing services
Working practices for c&p groups
Housing - over 3000 tenants, provides bail accommodation and support services, in 201& over 2,600 ppl left custody with a permanent accom
Education - in 2018 4900 ppl studies through NACRO
Resettlement advice - provided support and advise about employment, education and accom to criminals
Outreach projects - to keep young ppl from offending
Types of criminality and offenders in c&p groups
Range if ex offenders, young and disadvantaged ppl at risk of offending
Reach of c&p groups
National organisation with local projects in 50 parts of England and wales
