Unit 2 - AC4.1 - Assess the use of criminological theories in informing policy development Flashcards
what are the 5 biological treatments developed to reduce offending
methadone / stibestrol / dietary supplements / tear gas / compulsary sterilisation
what is methadone used for
controlled substitute for heroin can help reduce crime because heroin is linked to crime
what is stilbestrol used for
to supress testosterone to reduce the male sex drive (it was used in prisons as chemical castration on a volunteer group of male sex offenders and had positive results
what are dietary supplements used for
to reduce anti-social behaviour. Gesch et al gave 231 young male volunteers a dietary supplement or a placebo - supplement group = 37% decrease in violent incidents , placebo group = 10.1% decrease
what is tear gas used for
crowd control, produces unpleasant physiological responses like vomiting, breathing difficulties and disorientation
what is compulsory sterilisation used for
used to stop females from getting pregnant again, used if woman or children are in danger, was used in 2015 on woman who had 6 kids and having another could kill her so health and social services could force entry to her house and sterilise her
what are the 3 individualistic treatments developed to reduce offending
psychoanalysis / behaviour modification / cognitive behavioural therapy
who developed psychoanalysis treatment
Sigmund Freud
what part of the mind is psychoanalysis based on
the unconscious
what is the other name for psychoanalysis
the talking cure
what happens in psychoanalysis
clients talk at length about their issues to access the material in the unconscious mind.
what 2 ways did Freud use to access the unconscious mind
dream analysis / free association
what is free association
when the therapist asks the client to freely share thoughts, words and anything else that comes to mind
in the 1920’s, who used these ideas to influence the policies he created for treating young offenders in the institution he worked at ?
Aichorn
what did aichorn say that a happy and pleasant environment would enable children to develop
a superego
in eysenk’s experiment, what were the percentages of patients who’s neurosis improved, state the percentages of those1- treated with psychoanalysis 2- treated in hospital or by GP
1- 44% 2- 72%
what are the weaknesses of psychoanalysis
timely / costly / information given by client is subjective
what theory is behaviour modification based on
operant conditioning
operant conditioning is related to the idea that behaviour is learned, what is the name of this?
behaviourism
what is a token economy
where in institutions like a prison, tokens will be used which can be traded for goods/services like chocolate or phone calls home.
what is the point of a token economy
to reinforce behaviours that are considered desirable
who introduces the token economy to 125 boys in a delinquency institution in 1976
Hobbs and Holt
what was the percentage change in appropriate behaviour
66% - 91.6%
what are the disadvantages of behaviour modification
it can easily be put on / faked in order to achieve certain things like leaving prison, so often the effects don’t last long outside of the institutions
what does CBT focus on crime as a consequence of
faulty thinking
what does cbt try and replace faulty thinking with
rational and positive thought processes
what is a method used in cbt
aggression replacement training (art)
what is ART
using intervention training to focus on 3 components
what 3 components does ART help with
social skills training / anger control training / training in moral reasoning
whos study showed that art isnt effective
larden et al
what happened in larden et al study
he found that there was no difference in the reoffending rate between 2 groups, from a swedish prison, one group having art and the other not
what are the 3 socialistic treatments developed to reduce offending
penal populism / situational crime prevention / zero-tolerance policing
