Unit 2- Ac1.1 compare CRIMINAL behaviour and DEVIANCE Flashcards
define values
general shared principles of behaviour - what we consider acceptable
define norms
specific socially accepted rules/expectations for specific situations
define moral code
shared values about what us morally acceptable. values and moral codes influence norms
moral code example
politeness in the UK, it’s normal to say please and thank you
what are the 3 types of deviance
1-Good, 2-eccentric (not harmful), 3-disapproved of (can result in punishments and/or sanctions)
most criminal acts are considered deviant T/F
True
define formal sanctions
those imposed by institutions and official bodies for the breaking of written rules and laws
formal sanction examples
detention for missing homework , speeding fines
define informal sanctions
not formalised consequences
informal sanction examples
people tutting and speaking crossly to you for jumping the queue, people gaining dirty looks for bad language i front of children
positive sanction examples
bravery award, school merit points
define sanctions
a form of social control imposed by society in order to get members of they society to conform to the values, norms and moral codes of that society
define criminal behaviour as a legal definition
any action that is forbidden by the laws if the country you are in
what are the two elements to be present for something to be criminal
actus reus and mens rea
define actus reus
latin for guilty act- someone committing a crime has done something not allowed by the law
define mens rea
latin for guilty mind- someone committing a crime will have done something with intent to harm, damage it deprive somebody is something in some way
is mens rea always required for it to be considered a criminal act ?
no
define strict liability
liability which does not depend on actual negligence or intent to harm- mens rea not required
example of strict liability
Food hygiene regulations and health safety law
if an act meets mens rea and actus reus reus does is mean it’s a crime
no
define self defence
committing a crime to protect yourself
what are the 7 types of crime ?
violence against the person
sexual offences
offences against property
fraud and forgery
criminal damage
drug offences
public order offences
violence against a person examples
assault, murder, GBH
sexual offence examples
rape, indecent assault
offences against property examples
robbery, handling stolen goods
fraud and forgery examples
copying cheques, manipulating tax returns
criminal damage examples
damage to building or vehicle, such as arson
drug offences examples
suppling or possessing heroin
public order offence examples
rioting, being drunk and disorderly and illegal protesting
social definition of crime
what people within a society consider criminal, may not match with the legal definition
example of social crime not legal crime
legally acceptable levels of pollution, offshore bank accounts
what is a formal criminal behaviour sanction
penalties imposed on a person committing a crime and vary according to the crime. imposed by police or courts
what are the 2 types of court sanctions
custodial and community sentences, fines and discharge
define custodial sentences
serious crimes tried in a crown court. offender will be detained in prison, young offenders or mental health institute.
define community sentences
the court impose a community service where time is served in the community rather than in custody for example curfews, rehab, payback hours
define fines
financial penalty varying depending on crime and offender history
define conditional discharge
if defendant reoffends within a set time period, the sentence will be changed to be more severe
define absolute discharge
when offender is guilty but action taken as offence was minor and court was enough of a deterrent. offender will receive a criminal record
what are the 3 types of police sanctions
caution
conditional caution
penalty notice
what is a caution
not a criminal conviction, but there is a record of this caution, age 10+, minor offences, offender must admit to the offence and agree to be cautioned and if refused they can be arrested
what is a condition caution
offender needs to agree to certain conditions, breaking conditions such as a safe driving course could lead to being arrested and being charged with a criminal offence
what is a penalty notice
age 18+, minor offences, if penalty is paid= no criminal conviction, can be appealed, leading to a trial