Unit 30 & 31 Flashcards
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.
infection
All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:
spleen
Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:
B. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.
Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?
A. Improperly placed lab belt
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:
A. diaphragm.
In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______.
B. larger in proportion to the abdomen
Injuries to the external male genitalia _______.
B. are rarely life-threatening
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:
D. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:
C. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.
A. guarding.
When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?
D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?
A. Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?
C. Liver
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
D. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:
D. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:
B. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.
You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______.
D. a hematoma in the flank region
Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______.
A. be objective and factual
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
A. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
A “hip” fracture is actually a fracture of the:
proximal femur.
A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should
Keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closer deformities to both her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:
D. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.
A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should
Control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?
Displaced fracture
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient’s life?
Pelvic fracture with hypotension
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury
A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
break in the continuity of the bone.
A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:
Distal humerus
An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:
the overlying skin is no longer intact.
When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:
B. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems
Crepitus and false motion are:
positive indicators of a fracture.
The musculoskeletal system refers to the:
bones and voluntary muscles of the body.
The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:
Delaying transport of a critically injured patient
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:
Apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse
During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient’s blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:
Stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine
Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:
Tendons
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
If is resistance is encountered for the patient experience severe pain
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:
The patient is clinically unstable
The pectoral girdle consists of the:
A. scapulae and clavicles
B. clavicles and rib cage
C. sternum and scapulae
D. acromion and clavicles
A. scapulae and clavicles
The body’s natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:
A. shivering and vasodilation
B. vasodilation and respiration
C. respiration and vascoconstriction
D. vasoconstriction and shivering
D. vasoconstriction and shivering
A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:
A. gross deformity
B. soft, smooth skin
C. mottling and blisters
D. blanching of the skin
C. mottling and blisters
You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:
A. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed
B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device
C. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status
D. suction is oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min
B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device
A subluxation occurs when:
A. ligaments are partially severed
B. a fracture and a dislocation exist
C. a joint is incompletely dislocated
D. a bone develops a hairline fracture
C. a joint is incompletely dislocated
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:
A. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart
B. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression
C. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full
D. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort
A. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart
You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient’s vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient’s presentation, you should suspect:
A. Lyme disease
B. an allergic reaction
C. exposure to poison ivy
D. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
A. Lyme disease
A __________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.
A. strain
B. sprain
C. fracture
D. dislocation
B. sprain
While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:
A. perform a head-to-toe assessment while she is in the car
B. lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel
C. carefully assess her upper chest for seatbelt-related injuries
D. extricate her immediately and transport to a trauma center
B. lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel
You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient’s abdomen is rigid and painful to palpitation. You should suspect:
A. a black widow spider bite
B. envenomation from a pit viper
C. a brown recluse spider bite
D. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
A. a black widow spider bite
During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
A. applying and inflating the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) and transporting
B. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting
C. applying a traction splint to immobilize her femur
D. carefully splinting each of her deformed extremities
B. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting
Crepitus and false motion are:
A. indicators of a severe pain
B. only seen with open fractures
C. positive indicators of a fracture
D. most common with dislocations
C. positive indicators of a fracture
Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:
A. prevent further injury
B. reduce pain and swelling
C. enhance tissue circulation
D. maintain extremity perfusion
B. reduce pain and swelling
Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:
A. bursa
B. tendons
C. cartilage
D. ligaments
D. ligaments
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?
A. bladder
B. liver
C. stomach
D. intestine
B. liver
Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.
A. smooth
B. striated
C. connective
D. involuntary
B. striated
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
A. most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant
B. the protruding organs should be kept warm and moist
C. the organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss
D. adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration
B. the protruding organs should be kept warm and moist
Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:
A. liver
B. spleen
C. kidney
D. stomach
A. liver
Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:
A. increasing the metabolic rate
B. decreasing the use of oxygen
C. decreasing the metabolic rate
D. retaining excess carbon dioxide
A. increasing the metabolic rate
The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:
A. is always accompanied by hypotension
B. indicates a state of decompensated shock
C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock
D. is most commonly caused by severe pain
C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock
Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:
A. air bag deployment
B. failure to wear seatbelts
C. a poorly placed lap belt
D. rapid vehicle deceleration
C. a poorly placed lap belt
An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:
A. bone ends protrude through the skin
B. a large laceration overlies the fracture
C. a bullet shatters the underlying bone
D. the overlying skin is no longer intact
D. the overlying skin is no longer intact
When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70 degrees Fahrenheit, heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:
A. radiation
B. conduction
C. convection
D. evaporation
B. conduction
Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:
A. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma
B. the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed
C. bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract
D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents
D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents
Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:
A. 98 degrees Fahrenheit
B. 95 degrees Fahrenheit
C. 90 degrees Fahrenheit
D. 88 degrees Fahrenheit
B. 95 degrees Fahrenheit
Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?
A. lightning often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously
B. the tissue damage pathway caused by lightning usually occurs through the skin
C. victims who are struck by lightning often experience severe full-thickness burns
D. cervical spine fractures are the most common cause of lightning-related deaths
A. lightning often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?
A. a passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard
B. a skier dislocates his knee after a twisting injury to the ankle
C. a person lands on his or her feet and fractures the lumbar spine
D. a child dislocates his elbow after falling on his outstretched arm
A. a passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard
Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?
A. hypoxia in the drowning victim initially occurs due to water in the lungs
B. artificial ventilations can easily be performed in patients with a laryngospasm
C. large amounts of water enter the lungs in a small number of drowning victims
D. laryngospasms following submersion in water makes rescue
D. laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult
Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:
A. localized pain
B. red areas of the skin
C. gross distention
D. dark purple marks
B. red areas of skin
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an inured limb in the position of deformity?
A. when distal circulation and neurological functions are absent
B. if transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes
C. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
D. if a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity
C. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
A. compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury
B. compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity
C. in most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury
D. most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis
A. compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury
The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:
A. pelvic fractures
B. pulmonary edema
C. bilateral femur fractures
D. any trauma below the pelvis
B. pulmonary edema
Heatstroke occurs when:
A. a person’s core body temperature rises above 103 degrees Fahrenheit
B. the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed
C. a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss
D. the ambient temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit and the humidity is high
B. the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed
