Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT > Test 16, 7, 17, 9, 10 (3) > Flashcards

Test 16, 7, 17, 9, 10 (3) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called

A

tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process

A

Passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs via:

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocradial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as:

A

contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volyme is 350mL and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume?

A

9800mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell?

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. what cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?

A

sodium potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what element does the cell need in order to not dehydrate and die

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called

A

anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

blood from the right side of the heart is

A

deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a patient breathing room air should be recieving ___ oxygen

A

21%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?

a) nose, pharynx, hypopharynx, epiglottis, trachea, crania, mainstem bronchi, alveoli
b) nose, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
c) nose, hyperpharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, bronchi, alveoli
d) mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, crania, alveoli

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the pressure that is created when the heart pushed the blood throughout the circulatory system is called

A

hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the

A

pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control?

A

stroke, infection, brain trauma, toxins and drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

you are alone in the back of the ambulance where you are ventilating an apenic patient. which of the following is the best way to manage the reassessment

A

continue ventilating the patient during transport and skip the reassessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a decreased number of red blood cells is called

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A disruption of the balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to​ regulating:

A. blood pressure and cell hydration.
B. waste removal and urine.
C. oxygenation and perfusion.
D. perfusion and proper circulation to the tissues.

A

A. blood pressure and cell hydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What​ substances, when​ dissolved, separate into charged​ particles?

A

electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is hyperstatic pressure?

A

not real lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what determines hydrostatic pressure

A

The volume of blood in the capillaries is proportional to hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

pressure that must be applied to prevent passing through a permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

oncotic pressure

A

Osmotic pressure that is attributable to dissolved proteins specifically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Osmotic pressure vs Oncotic pressure

A

Osmotic: refers to both proteins and solutes
Oncotic: refers to mainly proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What causes edema?

A

edema= swelling (feet)

Low oncotic pressure (low albumin) and High hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the three general types of plasma proteins?

A

1.)Serum albumin (non-specific protein carrier)
2.)Serum globulin (alpha carries bilirubin lipids steroids, beta carries iron and copper, gamma carries antibody molecules
3.)Fibrinogen (the inactive form of fibrin, which forms the framework of blood clots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is in interstitial fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid is similar to blood plasma. It has Water, salts, CO2, O2, hormones, sugars

space inbetween cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The combination of hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure…

A

creates the blood pressure within blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where are plasma proteins made?

A

In the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the best description of the​ chest’s mechanical​ functions?
A. The diaphragm​ contracts, causing the intercostal muscles that are attached to the lungs to also​ contract, which moves the air into the lungs.
B. With the chest being an airtight​ space, the act of breathing occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm and intercostal​ relax, which causes the lungs to expand and air to flow into the lungs.
C. The chest is a closed space with only one​ opening; the​ trachea, to inspire​ air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the​ ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.
D. The chest is a closed​ space, and the pleural space surrounds the​ lungs; when the diaphragm contracts and the intercostals​ expand, the chest and lungs move outward and​ downward, allowing expiration and gas exchange in the lungs.

A

C. The chest is a closed space with only one​ opening; the​ trachea, to inspire​ air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the​ ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.

34
Q

Stroke volume depends on a series of​ factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known​ as:

A. afterload.
B. preload.
C. contractility.
D. automaticity.

A

C. contractility.

35
Q

The respiratory system moves air in and​ out; however, to​ ________ cells, the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system.
A. defuse
B. perfuse
C. hyperoxygenate
D. register

A

B. perfuse

36
Q

The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset​ diffusion, which is defined​ as:

A. the ability of the lungs to expand equally during inspiration.
B. the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.
C. maintaining enough positive pressure in the pleural space to keep the lungs from collapsing.
D. the exchange of gases in the bronchi.

A

B. the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.

37
Q

A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is​ called:

A

anemia

38
Q

A​ 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your​ arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of​ pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following​ ways, ​except:
A. increased respirations.
B. increased pulse.
C. constricted pupils.
D. sweaty skin.

A

C. constricted pupils.

39
Q

Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the​ following?
A. Constriction of the vessels
B. Large proteins
C. Dilation of the vessels
D. Contraction of the heart

A

B. Large proteins

40
Q

When carbon dioxide is not​ exchanged, the net result is high carbon​ dioxide, a condition called​ ________, within the body.
A. hyperthermia
B. hypercapnia
C. hyperemia
D. hyperglycemia

A

B. hypercapnia

41
Q

A 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school. She’s taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the ________ in her blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain.
A. plasma
B. hemoglobin
C. white blood cells
D. albumin

A

B. hemoglobin

42
Q

A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways, except:
A. sweaty skin.
B. increased pulse.
C. constricted pupils.
D. increased respirations.

A

C. constricted pupils.

43
Q

A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called:
A. polycythemia.
B. erythrocythemia
C. leukemia
D. anemia

A

D. anemia

44
Q

An infection of the brain is called:
A. multiple sclerosis.
B. encephalitis
C. rhinitis.
D. meningitis.

A

B. encephalitis

45
Q

Your patient is a 22-year-old female that accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate shellfish, “they had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost died.” Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is called:
A. serotonin
B. acetylcholine
C. insulin
D. histamine

A

D. histamine

46
Q

You respond to a patient who is choking. The victim is suffering from the most common of airway obstructions. This would indicate that the problem is in the ________ airway.
A. upper
B. bronchial
C. lower
D. alveoli

A

A. upper

47
Q

You are on the scene at a local park where a 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he is diabetic. Upon questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Electrolytes
C. ATP
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

A

C. ATP

48
Q

You are caring for a 25-year-old male patient that has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis (near the point of death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory control, also known as the:
A. medulla oblongata.
B. frontal lobe.
C. cerebellum.
D. thalamus.

A

A. medulla oblongata.

49
Q

What is the name of the heart dysfunction caused by an electrical source that causes the heart to beat too​ fast?

A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Heart attack
D. Trauma

A

A. Tachycardia

50
Q

When a person has an exaggerated response to a body​ invader, the person is said to​ have:
A. antibody reaction.
B. hypersensitivity.
C. hyposensitivity.
D. histamine dump.

A

B. hypersensitivity.

51
Q

Not all inspired air reaches the​ alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is​ called:
A. vital capacity.
B. tidal volume.
C. dead air space.
D. bronchial air.

A

C. dead air space.

52
Q

Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous​ system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size​ adjustments, are​ called:
A. stretch receptors.
B. volume receptors.
C. pressure receptors.
D. chemoreceptors.

A

C. pressure receptors.

53
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two​ ways: via the red blood cells​ and:
A. oncotic pressure.
B. white blood cells.
C. hydrostatic pressure.
D. plasma.

A

D. plasma.

54
Q

What is FiO2​?
A. The flow rate of gases provided to the patient by mask or nasal cannula
B. The concentration of gases in our expired​ air, which is referred to as the fraction of used oxygen
C. The amount of oxygen delivered via an airway adjunct in liters per minute
D. The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled​ air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen

A

D. The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled​ air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen

55
Q

The seat of respiratory control is found in​ the:
A. lungs.
B. nose.
C. medulla oblongata.
D. chest.

A

C. medulla oblongata.

56
Q

You are caring for a​ 25-year-old male patient that has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis​ (near the point of​ death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory​ control, also known as​ the:
A. medulla oblongata.
B. cerebellum.
C. frontal lobe.
D. thalamus.

A

A. medulla oblongata.

57
Q

Your patient is an​ 86-year-old male with congestive heart failure. He called for help tonight because he cannot breathe and feels like he is​ “drowning in his own​ lungs.” The patient has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his​ “heart is​ shot.” The​ patient’s cardiac output is likely diminished​ because:
A. less blood fills his heart with each contraction​ (preload is​ diminished).
B. the​ heart’s force of contraction is reduced​ (contractility is​ diminished).
C. the pressure in the system against which the heart must pump is increased​ (afterload is​ increased).
D. All of the above are true.

A

D. All of the above are true.

58
Q

The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy​ is:
A. glucose.
B. water.
C. oxygen.
D. protein

A

A. glucose.

59
Q

In the normal drive to​ breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated​ by:
A. high carbon dioxide.
B. diffusion.
C. low carbon dioxide.
D. high oxygen.

A

A. high carbon dioxide.

60
Q

​Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels​ of:
A. carbon dioxide.
B. pH.
C. oxygen.
D. glucose.

A

A. carbon dioxide.

61
Q

When the​ body’s water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial​ space, it is​ called:
A. hypovolemia.
B. dehydration.
C. hydrostatic.
D. edema.

A

d) edema

62
Q

Which of the following is directly related to the endocrine​ system?
A. Kidneys
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Pancreas

A

D. Pancreas

63
Q

7)The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called:
A)anaerobic.
B)aerobic.
C)homeostatic.
D)diffusion

A

A

64
Q

16)Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?
A)Nasal cannula
B)Simple face mask
C)Nonrebreather mask
D)Oropharyngeal airway

A

C)Nonrebreather mask

65
Q

18)You are ventilating an unresponsive 47-year-old male who is in respiratory arrest. How should you determine that you are delivering adequate tidal volume?
A)Auscultate for bronchial breath sounds .
B)Look for slight chest rise.
C)Assess his pulse oximetry.
D)Fully deflate the BVM

A

B)Look for slight chest rise.

66
Q

29)The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as:
A)stridor.
B)gurgling.
C)snoring.
D)hoarseness

A

A)stridor.

67
Q

30)You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient hasdentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should:
A)use an infant mask over the nose.
B)leave the dentures in place.
C)tape the dentures in place.
D)remove the dentures

A

B)leave the dentures in place.

68
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages. smallens the airway

69
Q

glottic opening

A

the level of the vocal cords that defines the boundary between the upper and lower airways

70
Q

stridor

A

high pitched sound when theres an obstruction in the upper airway

71
Q

oxygen helping devices from least critical to most

A

1) nasal cannula
2) nonrebreather mask
3) CPAP

72
Q

wheezing

A

bronchils are smaller
asthma, COPD, anaphylactic
use CPAP

73
Q

mucus in the lungs from infection

A

high pitched sound

74
Q

rales (crackles in lungs)

A

fluid in the lungs
CHS,

75
Q

Which sign or symptom would the EMT typically associate with congestive heart failure?

A

crackles in the lungs
use CPAP

76
Q

when to use nasal cannula

A

1-6 liters per min
O2: 22-44%
little sign of hypoxia (under 98)

77
Q

when to use nonrebreather mask

A

12-15 liters per minute
O2: 80-90%
more severe hypoxia

78
Q

when to use partial rebreather mask

A

9-10 liters per min
O2: 40-60%
ppl use this at their homes to treat COPD

79
Q

when to use venturi mask

A

O2: 24-60%
when u need a precise oxygen amount

80
Q

hypoxia levels

A

normal: >94
mild hypoxia: 90-93
moderate hypoxia: 75-89
severe hypoxia: <75

81
Q

perfusion and defusion def

A

perfusion- circulation of blood to tissue
defusion- air through lungs

EMT (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions