14, 15 quiz

Question 1

After assessing a patient with her EpiPen, she tells you that it is much easier for her to breathe. However, her heart rate has increased from 92 to 118 beats per minute. Regarding the epinephrine, the EMT recognizes the increased heart rate as a(n):

A) side effect
B) therapeutic effect
C) allergy
D) contraindication

Answer 1

A) side effect

Question 2

The AED should never be applied to a patient who is not in cardiac arrest because some patients in:

A) ventricular tachycardia may have a pulse
B) ventricular fibrillation may have a pulse
C) asystole may have a pulse
D) ventricular fibrillation may be conscious and alert

Answer 2

A) ventricular tachycardia may have a pulse

Question 3

You are transporting a patient in cardiac arrest. The AED is being used and a shock has been advised. Prior to administering the shock, what should you do?

A) stop the ambulance and have all rescuers exit prior to using the AED
B) withhold all shocks because metal will conduct the shock into the ambulance
C) move the patient from the metal stretcher to a nonmetal surface
D) ensure that no rescuer is touching the stretcher

Answer 3

D) ensure that no rescuer is touching the stretcher

Question 4

Which of the following medications should be administered by the EMT only if the patient has a prescription for it?

A) Oxygen
B) Aspirin
C) Oral Glucose
D) Nitroglycerin

Answer 4

D) Nitroglycerin

Question 5

A patient in shock with abdominal pain indicates he noticed alot of blood in the toilet after having a bowel movement this morning. The EMT should suspect what type of shock?

A) Hemorrhagic hypovolemic
B) Hypoxic hypovolemic
C) Nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic
D) Septic hypovolemic

Answer 5

A) Hemorrhagic hypovolemic

Question 6

A beta 2 medication benefits a patient by:

A) diminishing the need for oxygen
B) eliminating chest pain
C) slowing the respiratory rate
D) dilating the small airways

Answer 6

D) dilating the small airways

Question 7

You have been called for an elderly male patient who suddenly collapsed. On scene you find an 82-year-old man lying on the garage floor. Assessment reveals him to be unresponsive and not breathing. Which one of the following should you do immediately?

A) Determine the “down time”
B) Check for a carotid pulse
C) Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation
D) Apply the AED

Answer 7

B) Check for a carotid pulse

Question 8

When should the EMT transport the cardiac arrest patient?

A) before delivering the first shock when a “Shock Advised” message is received
B) immediately upon determining that the patient is in cardiac arrest
C) after one shock has been delivered and the patient remains in cardiac arrest
D) after three “No Shock Advised” messages are received

Answer 8

D) after three “No Shock Advised” messages are received

Question 9

The EMT knows that the cause of underlying distributive shock is:

A) dilation of the blood vessels
B) poor fluid intake
C) damaged heart with poor contractility
D) loss of blood volume

Answer 9

A) dilation of the blood vessels

Question 10

A patient with chest pain tells you that he feels the same as when he had a heart attack two years ago. He is diaphoretic, nauseated, vomiting, and has a pulse of 84, respirations of 16, and a blood pressure of 78/50 mmHg. He is allergic to aspirin. He asks you to assist him in taking one of his nitroglycerin pills. Which one of the assessment findings that follows represents a contraindication to the nitroglycerin?

A) Heart rate below 100
B) Allergy to aspirin
C) Blood pressure of 78/50
D) Nausea and vomiting

Answer 10

C) Blood pressure of 78/50

Question 11

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:

Answer 11

stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Question 12

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

Answer 12

a ruptured cerebral artery.

Question 13

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure:

Answer 13

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

Question 14

What is myocardial Ischemia?

Answer 14

Poor blood supply

Question 15

What are some signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 15

JVD pulmonary edema pedal Edema, dyspnea, Orthopnea

Question 16

what is the blood pressure for hypertension?

Answer 16

Systolic pressure above 140 MMHG or diastolic above 90

Question 17

After analyzing the heart rhythm of a patient in cardiac​ arrest, the AED provides a​ “deliver shock” message. After clearing the​ patient, the​ EMT’s next step should be​ to:
A.
Press the shock​ button, and then perform CPR for 2 minutes
B.
Press the shock​ button, and then check for the return of a pulse
C.
Press the shock​ button, and then allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm
D.
Check for a​ pulse, and then press the shock button if a pulse is not present

Answer 17

A.
Press the shock​ button, and then perform CPR for 2 minutes

Question 18

because of a shortage of paramedics at your ambulance​ service, it has been announced that there will be AEDs placed on every ambulance for use by EMT crews. Which of these statements indicates an understanding of how this policy will affect the​ EMTs?
A.
​”The AED will let us know whether to shock the​ patient.”
B.
​”EMTs will have to learn how to interpret ECG​ tracings.”
C.
​”Cardiopulmonary resuscitation will no longer be​ needed.”
D.
​”EMTs will now be able to shock all patients in cardiac​ arrest.”

Answer 18

A.
​”The AED will let us know whether to shock the​ patient.”

Question 19

A​ 44-year-old male patient has been shot in the abdomen. Which assessment findings would lead you to believe that the patient is in compensated​ shock?
A.
Slightly​ confused, pulse​ 116, BP​ 102/56 mmHg, warm skin that is flushed
B.
Confused and​ anxious, pulse​ 144, BP​ 82/palpation, cool skin that is mottled
C.
Alert and​ anxious, pulse​ 102, BP​ 114/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin
D.
​Confused, pulse​ 44, BP​ 110/68 mmHg, cool and cyanotic skin

Answer 19

C.
Alert and​ anxious, pulse​ 102, BP​ 114/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin

Question 20

A patient in cardiac arrest has regained a pulse after two​ shocks, but is still apneic. Which action would be appropriate​ next?
A.
Reanalyze the​ patient’s heart rhythm with the AED every 5 minutes
B.
Cancel the ALS assistance request and proceed directly to the hospital
C.
Transport the patient supine and secured to a long spine board as treatment is continued
D.
Remove the AED once it is determined that a pulse has returned and initiate transport

Answer 20

C.
Transport the patient supine and secured to a long spine board as treatment is continued

Question 21

An unrestrained female driving a small car is involved in a rollover-type collision. Why is her risk for serious injury and death significantly increased?

a. Rollovers are the result.
b. Smaller and lighter cars tend to roll multiple times.
c. The risk for ejection is lessened, increasing injuries suffered in the car.
d. There are more impacts in a rollover.

Answer 21

d. There are more impacts in a rollover.

Question 22

You are on the scene of a​ 16-year-old patient in respiratory distress. The patient has a history of asthma. After placing the patient on oxygen and performing the primary and secondary​ assessments, you are confident that the patient is indeed having an asthma attack. How can you be sure your field diagnosis is​ accurate?

Answer 22

Think of all possible causes of respiratory distress and rule them in or out as potential diagnoses based on your clinical findings.

Question 23

Once you have reached a possible diagnosis for a​ patient, you​ should:

Answer 23

continue to look for data that will help rule in or rule out other conditions.

Question 24

​”If it looks like a duck and quacks like a​ duck, it must be a
duck–except when it​isn’t” is a way to summarize which of the​following?

Answer 24

Representativeness

Question 25

When using the memory aid​ SAMPLE, which of the following would you do to determine​ L?

Answer 25

​Ask, “When was the last time you had anything to eat or​ drink?”

Question 26

Mrs. Butler is a​ 66-year-old woman who is complaining of chest pain. Which of the following questions would be best in helping you determine if the pain is​ radiating?

Answer 26

Are you having pain anywhere beside your​ chest?

Question 27

You have responded for a patient with shortness of breath. He reports that his breathing problems began this morning and have gotten worse over the last few hours. You ask if he has taken anything to help his symptoms and he tells you that he has used his inhaler several times in the last hour. The information you have just gathered can be classified​ as:

Answer 27

the history of present illness.

Question 28

Which of the following methods should be used to have a patient rate the amount of pain he is​ having?

Answer 28

Have the patient rate the pain on a scale of 0​ (no pain) to 10​ (worst pain)

Question 29

A description of a​ patient’s condition that assists a clinician in further evaluation and treatment is known as which of the​ following?

Answer 29

Diagnosis

Question 30

You and another EMT are discussing a call he previously ran. The EMT said the patient had classic chest pain symptoms and he treated it as a possible heart​ attack, but he later found out the patient just had indigestion and was discharged 2 hours later. The EMT was concerned that his patient assessment skills were not as good as they should​ be, and that the ED physician will no longer trust his judgment. How should you respond to his​ concerns?

Answer 30

Tell him that his misdiagnosis is a result of limited information

Question 31

Expert clinicians may use different approaches of thinking through​ problems, but which of the following will they have in​ common?

Answer 31

Strong foundation of knowledge

Question 32

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old female who is reporting abdominal pain and nausea. She says it came on when she woke up this morning. Her mother says that her daughter has been tired and cranky lately and has not been eating well for a couple of weeks. In​ fact, every time you ask a​ question, the​ patient’s mother answers. What should you do​ next?

Answer 32

Have your partner interview the mother in the next room.

Question 33

Your elderly patient reports having stomach cramps for several hours. He denies any trauma and he​ hasn’t eaten for several hours. Which of the following is most important to your assessment of this​ patient?

Answer 33

asking if he has been having regular bowel movements

Question 34

Mr. Green is complaining of severe difficulty breathing after being stung by a bee. His wife states he has had reactions to bee stings​ before, but not quite this severe. Which medications should you specifically ask him​ about?

Answer 34

Epinephrine

Question 35

You are on the scene in the bad part of town for an unresponsive​ 18-year-old type 1 diabetic patient. His mother states that he is very noncompliant with his diabetes management and often goes unresponsive due to low blood sugar. After performing the primary​ assessment, you believe that this is the most likely cause of his unresponsiveness.​ However, after taking a capillary glucose reading you are surprised to see that the​ patient’s sugar level is normal. How will you now determine the field​ diagnosis?

Answer 35

Continue patient care by getting a complete SAMPLE history and perform a complete secondary assessment.

Question 36

Your patient is a​ 15-year-old female complaining of shortness of breath. Which of the following is not appropriate during the focused​ exam?

Answer 36

Checking her pupils for reactivity to light

Question 37

When assessing a​ patient’s pertinent past​ history, you should ask which of the following​ questions?

Answer 37

Have you been having any medical​ problems?

Question 38

A list of potential diagnoses compiled early in the​ patient’s assessment is known as which of the​ following?

Answer 38

Differential diagnosis

Question 39

Of the​ following, which would most likely give the best information regarding your​ patient’s mental​ status?

Answer 39

Patient’s ability to know​ person, place,​ time, and purpose

Question 40

​________ are signs or symptoms that suggest the possibility of a particular problem that is very serious.

Answer 40

red flags

Question 41

While an EMT forms a field diagnosis on the scene of an​ emergency, how do the steps differ from the traditional approach to​ diagnosis?

Answer 41

The EMT must rule in or out the most serious conditions associated with the​ patient’s presentation.

Question 42

Which of the following describes skepticism about one thing causing​ another?

Answer 42

Illusory correlation

Question 43

The process by which an EMT forms a field diagnosis is known​ as:

Answer 43

critical thinking.

Question 44

An​ EMT’s assessment differs from an assessment made in the emergency department in which​ way?

Answer 44

The EMT is working with limited resources.

Question 44

When you begin interviewing your​ patient, he tells you that he has not felt well for several​ months, ever since he had his gallbladder removed. He goes on to tell you that he cannot get his wife to schedule a​ doctor’s appointment for him and when she remembers to​ call, the office is always closed. Which of the following is the best way to​ proceed?

Answer 44

Ask him why he decided to call 911 today.

Question 44

When using the memory aid​ OPQRST, which of the following questions would help you find out about​ P?

Answer 44

Does anything make the pain better or​ worse?

Question 44

Which of the following is one advantage of using​ heuristics?

Answer 44

It speeds up the process of diagnosis.

Question 45

What is the feeling of bone ends rubbing together​ called?

Answer 45

Crepitation

Question 46

While assessing the past medical history of a​ 68-year-old male patient involved in a fall from a​ 4-foot stepladder, you use the acronym SAMPLE. What does the A refer​ to?

Answer 46

Allergies

Question 47

Your patient is a​ 22-year-old college student complaining of abdominal pain. She is alert and​ oriented, although somewhat uncomfortable. Which of the following should be your first​ action?

Answer 47

Ask the patient to describe the pain and find out if she has other complaints.

Question 50

Which of the following techniques of physical examination must an EMT​ master?

Answer 50

Observation, palpation, and auscultation

Question 51

The patient was a driver in a lateral impact motor vehicle collision. During the assessment of his​ chest, the EMT notes a segment of the chest wall moving in the opposite direction from the rest of the chest. Which of the following best describes this​ finding?

Answer 51

Paradoxical motion

Question 51

Your patient is a​ 45-year-old female who complains of​ “twisting her​ ankle” when she slipped on a patch of ice. Which of the following is not​ appropriate?

Answer 51

Detailed physical exam

Question 51

Mr. Hughes is a​ 49-year-old man complaining of chest pain. To find out about the quality of his chest​ pain, which of the following questions is most​ appropriate?

Answer 51

Can you describe how the pain in your chest​ feels?

Question 52

The term priapism means​ ________ and may be found in injuries of the​ ________.

Question 53

You respond to a motor vehicle collision and find a patient with an altered mental status and angulated left​ femur; the other driver is deceased. Your closest trauma center is 45 minutes away. Which of the following would you do​ next?

Answer 53

Request ALS personnel.

Question 54

When assessing a patient who has been​ stabbed, which of the following information should the EMT gain​ first?

Question 55

You are assessing a​ 76-year-old male patient who has been involved in a fall from a standing position. You have completed the scene​ size-up and primary assessment. What should you do​ next?

Answer 55

Secondary assessment

Question 56

Immediately following a rapid physical exam on an unresponsive medical​ patient, which of the following should you do​ next?

Answer 56

Obtain baseline vital signs.

Question 57

You are called for a patient who was discovered unconscious in his bed this morning. You immediately complete a primary assessment and determine that he is breathing and has a good pulse. What should you do​ next?

Answer 57

Complete a rapid physical exam.

Question 58

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle crash to find a​ middle-aged man on a long spine board being cared for by first responding firefighters. He appears to be bleeding from his head and he is unconscious. You should check the car​ for

Answer 58

a bent steering wheel or starred windshield.

Question 59

What does distention refer to when describing your​ patient’s abdomen?

Answer 59

Larger than normal

Question 60

An unconscious trauma patient should always be assumed to have which of the following types of​ injury?

Answer 60

spine

Question 61

Your patient is the​ 18-year-old male driver of a vehicle that struck a tree. He is conscious and complaining of neck pain. The passenger is obviously dead. You have performed your primary assessment. Which of the following is the next​ step?

Answer 61

Perform a rapid trauma assessment.

Question 62

What is a surgical opening in the wall of the abdomen with a plastic bag in place to collect digestive​ waste?

Answer 62

Colostomy

Question 63

For which of the following patients is a focused physical examination​ appropriate?

Answer 63

A​ 25-year-old female with a history of asthma and who is complaining of difficulty breathing

Question 64

You are called for a patient who is complaining of being weak and dizzy. He reports that he does not have enough money to pay for his medications so he has not gotten them refilled. Your service has an automatic blood pressure machine and you use it to measure the​ patient’s blood pressure while you count his respirations. The blood pressure machine reports a blood pressure of​ 280/140. What should you do​ next?

Answer 64

Take a manual blood pressure.

Question 64

In which of the following patients should you check for the possibility of spinal​ injury?

Answer 64

An unresponsive diabetic who appears to have fallen down

Question 65

What term describes a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which a patient​ breathes?

Answer 65

Stoma

Question 66

When assessing a​ 14-year-old male patient that has been involved in a bicycle​ accident, you notice that he has a small amount of blood coming from his left forearm. This observation is known as which of the​ following?

Answer 66

sign

Question 67

Your patient is a​ 24-year-old female who swallowed a handful of pills of unknown type. Although she was initially alert and oriented with no​ complaints, you note that she is now beginning to slur her words and is becoming progressively lethargic. What is the highest priority in dealing with this​ patient?

Answer 67

Maintaining an open airway

Question 67

Your patient is a​ 14-year-old male who was run over by a tractor and is now unresponsive. During the rapid​ assessment, you should look for clear drainage coming from the​ patient’s ________ indicating a serious injury.

Answer 67

ears

Question 67

If a patient complains of abdominal pain localized to a specific area of the​ abdomen, which of the following techniques should be used to assess the​ abdomen?

Answer 67

Palpate the painful area last.

Question 68

Which of the following situations is most likely to result in hidden or unsuspected​ injury?

Answer 68

Seat belt use by the vehicle occupants

Question 69

In the assessment of a responsive medical​ patient, which of the following will provide you with the most important​ information?

Answer 69

patient medical history

Question 70

You have performed a rapid trauma assessment on a patient with multiple​ long-bone injuries. Your next assessment step should be which of the​ following?

Answer 70

Obtain baseline vital signs and past medical history.

Question 71

Your patient is an unresponsive​ 40-year-old woman. Which of the following should you do​ first?

Answer 71

Perform a rapid physical exam.

Question 72

You are assessing a​ 21-year-old female who was assaulted by an unknown person. She is complaining of abdominal pain. As you perform a rapid assessment of her​ abdomen, you should check for all of the following ​except:

Answer 72

bowel sounds.

Question 73

The ambulance is called for an assaulted patient. While transporting the patient to the​ hospital, the EMT notes the​ patient’s jugular veins are flat​ (nondistended). Which of these is most likely the cause of this​ finding?

Answer 73

Blood loss

Question 74

You are assessing a patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following questions would be the most important to ask​ him?

Answer 74

How fast was the vehicle​ going?

Question 75

In medical​ terms, bruises are known as which of the​ following?

Answer 75

contusion

Question 76

You are performing a rapid trauma assessment on an unresponsive​ 30-year-old male. As you evaluate his​ head, which of the following should you check​ for?

Answer 76

Crepitation

Question 77

When checking breath sounds in a trauma​ patient, what should the EMT assess for​ first?

Answer 77

Presence and equality

Question 78

What term describes a surgical incision in the neck that is held open by a metal or plastic tube through which a patient can breathe or be placed on a​ ventilator?

Answer 78

Tracheostomy

Question 78

Your patient was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during a bar fight. A crackling or crunching sensation that is felt when air escapes from its normal passageways and is trapped under the skin is​ called:

Answer 78

subcutaneous emphysema.