Unit 3 - Urinary System

Question 1

Creatinine

Answer 1

Comes from the breakdown of creatine in skeletal muscle

Question 2

Uric acid

Answer 2

End product of purine metabolism and released in hypoxic conditions (high levels can cause gout)

Question 3

Urea

Answer 3

End product of protein metabolism

Question 4

Ammonium ions

Answer 4

Produced as a waste product of metabolism

Question 5

Urine and kidneys function

Answer 5

Water and sodium balance

Kidneys can either save water or lose water depending on condition of blood

Kidneys regulate pH balance, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids

Question 6

Organs contained in urinary system

Answer 6

Pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a bladder and urethra

Question 7

Nephrons

Answer 7

Located in kidneys to filter blood

Question 8

Cortex

Answer 8

Outer layer of kidney, contains initial filtration apparatus

Question 9

Renal column

Answer 9

Extension of renal cortex that extends down

Question 10

Medulla

Answer 10

Inner layer of kidney, contains collecting ducts, contains pyramids

Question 11

Renal pyramids

Answer 11

Cone shaped areas of the renal medulla

Question 12

Renal papilla

Answer 12

Tips of the renal pyramid that point towards the renal sinus

Question 13

Ureters

Answer 13

Muscular tubes that connect the renal pelvis in the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Contractions here move urine to urinary bladder

Question 14

Urinary bladder

Answer 14

Smooth collapsible muscular sac for storage of urine

Question 15

Fibrous adventitia

Answer 15

Surrounds the urinary bladder except on the superior surface covered by peritoneum

Question 16

Urethra

Answer 16

Allows for the voiding of urine via micturition reflex

Different on male vs. female

4cm on female and 20cm on male

Question 17

Is urination a sympathetic event?

Answer 17

No, it is parasympathetic

Rest and digest response

Question 18

Renal corpuscle

Answer 18

First part of nephron that is the active part of the kidneys

Question 19

Glomerulus

Answer 19

1st blood capillary bed of renal corpuscle

Question 20

Afferent arteriole

Answer 20

Larger vessels entering glomerulus

Question 21

Efferent ateriole

Answer 21

Smaller diameter vessel exiting glomerulus

Question 22

Filtration

Answer 22

Movement of fluid and solutes out of the blood of the glomerulus and into Bowmans capsule, caused by pressure gradients

Question 23

Reabsorption

Answer 23

The movement of water and solutes from filtrate back to the blood

Question 24

Scretion

Answer 24

The movement of wastes from the blood into the filtrate, to be eliminated

Question 25

When aldosterone is present…

Answer 25

Sodium is retained in the body and potassium is excreted in the urine

Question 26

Normal pH of arterial blood

Answer 26

7.35 to 7.45

Question 27

Acidosis

Answer 27

ph less than 7.35

Too much acid (H+)

Question 28

pH greater than 7.45

Answer 28

Alkalosis, too little acid

Question 29

Normal urine pH

Answer 29

4.5 to 8

Question 30

What does hypoventilation cause?

Answer 30

Respiratory acidosis

Question 31

What does hyperventilation cause?

Answer 31

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 32

What will happen to respiratory rate to compensate for a metabolic acidosis?

Answer 32

It will increase

Question 33

In acidosis what will the kidneys secrete?

Answer 33

More H+

Question 34

A patients arterial gasses are 7.34 CO2 is high and bicarbonate is high, what is happening?

Answer 34

Respiratory acidosis (not breathing enough)

Question 35

Patient comes in unconscious and pH of 7.30, CO2 is low and bicarbonate is low

Answer 35

Metabolic acidosis

Question 36

PH 7.32 low bicarbonate

Answer 36

Metabolic acidosis

Question 37

pH 7.32 carbon dioxide is high

Answer 37

Respiratory acidosis

Question 38

pH 7.47 carbon dioxide low

Answer 38

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 39

pH 7.47 bicarbonate high

Answer 39

Metabolic alkalosis