Unit 3 - Urinary System Flashcards
Creatinine
Comes from the breakdown of creatine in skeletal muscle
Uric acid
End product of purine metabolism and released in hypoxic conditions (high levels can cause gout)
Urea
End product of protein metabolism
Ammonium ions
Produced as a waste product of metabolism
Urine and kidneys function
Water and sodium balance
Kidneys can either save water or lose water depending on condition of blood
Kidneys regulate pH balance, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids
Organs contained in urinary system
Pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a bladder and urethra
Nephrons
Located in kidneys to filter blood
Cortex
Outer layer of kidney, contains initial filtration apparatus
Renal column
Extension of renal cortex that extends down
Medulla
Inner layer of kidney, contains collecting ducts, contains pyramids
Renal pyramids
Cone shaped areas of the renal medulla
Renal papilla
Tips of the renal pyramid that point towards the renal sinus
Ureters
Muscular tubes that connect the renal pelvis in the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Contractions here move urine to urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Smooth collapsible muscular sac for storage of urine
Fibrous adventitia
Surrounds the urinary bladder except on the superior surface covered by peritoneum
Urethra
Allows for the voiding of urine via micturition reflex
Different on male vs. female
4cm on female and 20cm on male
Is urination a sympathetic event?
No, it is parasympathetic
Rest and digest response
Renal corpuscle
First part of nephron that is the active part of the kidneys
Glomerulus
1st blood capillary bed of renal corpuscle
Afferent arteriole
Larger vessels entering glomerulus
Efferent ateriole
Smaller diameter vessel exiting glomerulus
Filtration
Movement of fluid and solutes out of the blood of the glomerulus and into Bowmans capsule, caused by pressure gradients
Reabsorption
The movement of water and solutes from filtrate back to the blood
Scretion
The movement of wastes from the blood into the filtrate, to be eliminated
When aldosterone is present…
Sodium is retained in the body and potassium is excreted in the urine
Normal pH of arterial blood
7.35 to 7.45
Acidosis
ph less than 7.35
Too much acid (H+)
pH greater than 7.45
Alkalosis, too little acid
Normal urine pH
4.5 to 8
What does hypoventilation cause?
Respiratory acidosis
What does hyperventilation cause?
Respiratory alkalosis
What will happen to respiratory rate to compensate for a metabolic acidosis?
It will increase
In acidosis what will the kidneys secrete?
More H+
A patients arterial gasses are 7.34 CO2 is high and bicarbonate is high, what is happening?
Respiratory acidosis (not breathing enough)
Patient comes in unconscious and pH of 7.30, CO2 is low and bicarbonate is low
Metabolic acidosis
PH 7.32 low bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis
pH 7.32 carbon dioxide is high
Respiratory acidosis
pH 7.47 carbon dioxide low
Respiratory alkalosis
pH 7.47 bicarbonate high
Metabolic alkalosis
