Unit 2: Respiratory System

Question 1

Nasopharynx

Answer 1

Called pharyngeal tonsil, aka adenoid

Question 2

Palatine tonsil

Answer 2

In back of oral cavity

Question 3

Lingual tonsil

Answer 3

Base of tongue

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

Travels through root of neck

Question 5

C shaped rings

Answer 5

Help with expansion of trachea and prevent collapse

Question 6

Goblet cells

Answer 6

Produce mucus

Question 7

Left and right primary bronchi

Answer 7

Bronchial tree or series of passageways into the lungs

Right has three secondary bronchi and left has two

Question 8

Bronchiales

Answer 8

Smallest conducting airways that lack cartilage

Question 9

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 9

Similar to larger bronchioles but do not have cartilage

End to form alveoli

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

Site of gas exchange

Surrounded by pulmonary capillaries

Question 11

How many lobes are in each lung?

Answer 11

Three in the right and two in the left

Question 12

Apex of lung

Answer 12

Located at the top where lungs come to a point (unlike apex of heart that is at the bottom point)

Question 13

Boyles law

Answer 13

Explanation if why air moves into and out of the lungs

Question 14

Steps for inhalation

Answer 14

1. External intercostals and diaphragm contract
2. Chest cavity volume increases
3. Pressure in chest and lungs decreases
4. Air moves into lungs

Question 15

Exhalation is what kind of process?

Answer 15

Passive (except when playing a musical instrument, then intercostal muscles activate)

Question 16

Steps to exhalation

Answer 16

1. Relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm
2. Volume in chest decreases
3. Recoil of lungs
4. Volume in lungs decreases
5. Pressure in lungs increases
6. Air moves out of lungs

Question 17

Resting expiration

Answer 17

Requires elastic recoil of the lungs

Question 18

Forceful expiration

Answer 18

Involves contraction of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

Question 19

Inspiration (inhalation)

Answer 19

Involves contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Question 20

Surfactant

Answer 20

Decreases surface tension in the alveoli

Prevents lungs from totally collapsing on exhalation

Question 21

Process the carbon dioxide enters blood and leaves body via exhalation

Answer 21

1. Produced as a result of cellular respiration
2. Moves out of cells into blood
3. Transported as bicarbonate to the lungs
4. Transported across respiratory membrane from pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli
5. Carbon dioxide is exhaled

Question 22

Parts of brain that help regulate respiratory rate

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 23

Main influence on breathing

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide, to rid the blood of CO2