Unit 2: Respiratory System Flashcards
Nasopharynx
Called pharyngeal tonsil, aka adenoid
Palatine tonsil
In back of oral cavity
Lingual tonsil
Base of tongue
Trachea
Travels through root of neck
C shaped rings
Help with expansion of trachea and prevent collapse
Goblet cells
Produce mucus
Left and right primary bronchi
Bronchial tree or series of passageways into the lungs
Right has three secondary bronchi and left has two
Bronchiales
Smallest conducting airways that lack cartilage
Terminal bronchioles
Similar to larger bronchioles but do not have cartilage
End to form alveoli
Alveoli
Site of gas exchange
Surrounded by pulmonary capillaries
How many lobes are in each lung?
Three in the right and two in the left
Apex of lung
Located at the top where lungs come to a point (unlike apex of heart that is at the bottom point)
Boyles law
Explanation if why air moves into and out of the lungs
Steps for inhalation
- External intercostals and diaphragm contract
- Chest cavity volume increases
- Pressure in chest and lungs decreases
- Air moves into lungs
Exhalation is what kind of process?
Passive (except when playing a musical instrument, then intercostal muscles activate)
Steps to exhalation
- Relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm
- Volume in chest decreases
- Recoil of lungs
- Volume in lungs decreases
- Pressure in lungs increases
- Air moves out of lungs
Resting expiration
Requires elastic recoil of the lungs
Forceful expiration
Involves contraction of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles
Inspiration (inhalation)
Involves contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Surfactant
Decreases surface tension in the alveoli
Prevents lungs from totally collapsing on exhalation
Process the carbon dioxide enters blood and leaves body via exhalation
- Produced as a result of cellular respiration
- Moves out of cells into blood
- Transported as bicarbonate to the lungs
- Transported across respiratory membrane from pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli
- Carbon dioxide is exhaled
Parts of brain that help regulate respiratory rate
Medulla oblongata and pons
Main influence on breathing
Carbon dioxide, to rid the blood of CO2
