Unit 3 - Topic 9 Flashcards
give 2 fuel sources that are being developed to meet rising demand
tar sands and hydrogen fuel cells
what are non renewable energy sources
resources being used up which cannot be replaced
give 3 examples of non renewable energy resources
coil, oil and gas
what is a renewable energy source
energy that won’t run out and can be used over and over again
what is a recyclable energy source
provision of energy that can be recycled or reused
give 2 examples of recyclable energy sources
reprocessing uranium in nuclear power
biofuel energy
in the UK lots of gas comes from where
the North sea
the EU depended on Russia and Ukraine for gas but this changed after_____
the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022
give 3 things gas is used to provide energy for
heating, cooking, electricity generation
what needs developing to make wind energy viable and able to provide energy 100% of the time
energy storage systems - as at the moment it is weather dependent
lots of wind power is being generated in ____ - enough to power the whole of ____
california - san fransisco
give 2 things which can be fed into a biogas plant to ferment
organic matter such as wood chips and animal dung
____from fermentation of organic matter is used to power ____ generators or used for ____
methane
electricity
cooking
there are over __ million biogas plants across India
5
what do people say is bad about wind turbines
they say they ruin the natural aesthetic of rural landscapes
and can harm historic parkland
animals such as ___ can ___ around solar panel farms
sheep
graze
landowners are given large ___ to erect solar panels
subsidies
solar panels can bring ___ a large income
farmers
what is China’s main source of fuel
coal
what harm on the landscape comes from coal mining
landscape scarring
billions of tonnes of ___ are used to extract coal in large scale mines like Shengli opencast coal mine
water
oil spills threaten_______
marine and bird life
HEP harms forests as it ____ large areas of vegetation
floods
the remaining coal in the UK could be mined but It would be too ___ to do so - as it is much ___
expensive - deeper
give 5 reasons fro the decline of the UK coal industry
high cost
cheaper imported coal
declining demand
other energy sources replaced it
greenhouse gas emissions
give 2 countries where coal can be imported more cheaply from
USA and Colombia
gas is a ___, ____ way of producing electricity compared to coal
cleaner, cheaper
trains switched from __ to ___ and __ in the UK leading to a decline in the use of coal
steam
diesel and electric
homes moved from heating using ___ to oil and ___
coal - gas
coal produces more __ than any other fuel
greenhouse gases
accessible oil and natural gas in the ____ ____in the UK is declining/increasing
North Sea - declining
most __energy is at sea but it is more ___ to construct them there
wind
expensive
as countries develop energy use ___
increases
give 2 reasons that as countries develop their energy use increases
ownership of domestic appliances (such as TVs or washing machines) and cars
industrialising countries have greater energy consumption due to manufacturing industries such as ____and large ____ projects
steel making + infrastructure (like the Sardar Sarovar dam)
HICs often ____ their energy use to developing countries which ____ their own energy consumption and _____ consumption in developing countries
export - reduces - increases
service industries and the ___ economy require less energy than ____
knowledge
manufacturing
what does energy poor mean
lacking electricity or the income to pay for it
energy poverty keeps ___ poor by limiting chances to attend ___
women
schools
many women and children die each year from ___ conditions caused by smoke from traditional _____
lung related
cooking methods - using fuelwood and dung
what is oil also known as
black gold - as it is so valuable
what is peak oil
the theoretical point at which Half the known reserves of oil in the world will have been used
give the 2 largest producers of oil
USA, saudi arabia
peak oil could be between __ and __ years away
0 to 100 (roughly) or way more
the 2020 collapse in oil prices was due to ___
a collapse in the demand for oil due to covid-19
___% of oil is used for transport
70
the covid pandemic massively reduced the use of oil for __ which reduced demand significantly
transport
give 3 reasons oil prices can rise
security issues which limit supply
conflict in gas producing countries
deliberate reduction to oil production to keep prices high
the price of __ and __ is connected on the global market
gas and oil
___ countries sometimes deliberately reduce oil production to keep prices high
OPEC
OPEC member states provide __ % of the world’s oil
40%
what does OPEC stand for
organisation of petroleum exporting countries
how many members of OPEC are there
12
give 2 mechanisms which affect the price of oil
supply and demand
during conflicts such as the war in ___ global oil supplies can be threatened but other countries can increase production to ____ prices
Iraq
stabilise
oil exists in ___ rocks most commonly
Shale
recently it has become ____ viable to extract oil from ___
commercially
Shale
what development in technology has made it possible to extract oil from shale
the ability to drill horizontally
give the alternative name for fracking
hydraulic fracturing
in fracking, ___ is blasted into rock ____ under pressure
water
fractures
USA exports more/less oil than it imports
more
give 3 disadvantages of fracking
requires lots of water
water is often polluted as a result
can cause local earthquakes
what is directional drilling
a drilling method that involves drilling in both horizontal and vertical directions
the shale layer of rock is often over _____m below ground
3000
water, ____ and ____ are ___ into the well at ___pressure
sand
chemicals
high
____flows into cracks after being pumped into them which keeps them open so ___ from the shale can flow up and out of the well
sand
oil
give 3 challenges of drilling for oil in the arctic
cold, fragile and remote
give an example of an organisation that protests against oil development
Greenpeace
____oil and gas prices over the last couple of decades have led to drilling in technologically challenging regions that previously would have been too _____to exploit
high - expensive
give 3 things which facilitate the exploitation of oil and gas in extreme environments
drilling technology
seismic imaging
liquefaction
drilling technology allows _______reserves of oil and gas to be exploited
deep water
how does seismic imaging work
measures sound waves bounced underground to detect rock and oil and gas
what is the liquefaction of gas
converting gas into a liquid
what does the liquefaction of gas allow for
the transportation of gas by ship safely and economically
which allows for development of remote gas fields such as in Australia
what does LNG stand for
liquefied natural gas
lots of jobs are created in offshore gas field creation: in ___ and ___ of the rig and ____
construction
operation
pipeline
the arctic region has up to ___ of the world’s remaining oil and gas
25%
true or false: several countries lay claim to the Arctic
true
only __ million people live in the arctic
4
the arctic contains a quarter of the world’s ___ forests
taiga
unconventional oil extraction is facilitated by ___oil and gas prices
high
tar sands is a ____ fuel source
unconventional
athabasca is in an ____ sensitive and ___ area
ecologically
isolated
where is athabasca
In the central wetlands of Canada
what is opencast mining
stripping away at surface rock to get at shale beneath
what region of Canada is athabasca in
Alberta
what is used to extract shale gas
fracking
give the 2 main environmental things in Alberta
taiga forests and peat bogs
mining in the Alberta region often requires large scale _____mining which destroys ___ forests and __ bogs
open pit
taiga
peat
it takes __ to ___barrels of water to make one barrel of oil
2-5
there has been __ pollution into the ___ river in Alberta
water
Athabasca
give 3 species which have been in decline due to the development of the tar sands industry
caribou, lynx, wolverines
fracking can lead to __ pollution and ___ activity
water
seismic
what is a carbon footprint
total greenhouse gas emissions caused by a person, country, organisation, event or product
give 2 types of emission that can be included in a carbon footprint
direct and indirect
what are direct carbon footprint emission
burning fossil fuels for energy at home or on transport
what is indirect carbon footprint emission
emissions from owning a product (through manufacturing or disposal)
Give 2 methods for reducing energy use in the home
energy consumption
energy efficiency
give 2 aspects of the UK government’s green deal
grants and loans
what do loans as part of the uk green deal cover
home improvements to cut energy consumption
give 2 examples of home improvements to cut energy consumption
wall and loft insulation
the government grants as part of the green deal cover up to ___ of the cost of installing ____energy saving home improvements
2/3
2
what is the SEG for
small scale low carbon electricity suppliers can sell electricity to the national grid and get the money from it
what does SEG stand for
smart export guarantee
give an example of a small scale low carbon energy generator which householders can install and then sell the energy to the national grid
PV solar panels
what is the solution to an energy security crisis
energy diversification
what is energy diversification
spreading energy resources around more types
what is energy security
access to reliable and affordable sources of energy
how does HEP work
dam holds back water that is fed by gravity through pipes to the turbines
dam construction for HEP is enormously -____
expensive
what are biofuels
fuels burned using plants and crops
what is another name for biofuels
biomass
biofuels cost more/less/the same as oil
the same
what is CSP
concentrating solar power
how does CSP generate electricity
concentrating solar energy to heat fluid and producing steam to power a generator
how does solar photovoltaic energy work
converts solar energy into electricity
____can power vehicles
hydrogen
what car company produced the first mass produced and dedicated hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
Toyota
what does business as usual mean for energy generation of the future
assumes the world will continue to rely on fossil fuels as a main source and oil and natural gas production will rise in response to demand
what would a sustainable future look energy wise
lots of countries adopting renewables and rely on mixed energy supplies
rising ___ puts pressure on the planet
affluence
as people become more affluent they develop tastes for foods that have to ___ to get to them
travel
what are food miles
how far food has to travel to get to where it is
give 3 ways more affluent countries have cut energy usage per capita
using more efficient technology such as LEDs
more efficient cars which travel more miles per litre of fuel
exporting dirty polluting industries
rising affluence also correlates with rising ___ about the environment
care
what is the Kuznets Curve
(environmental degradation increases as development takes place) then as people develop so water and food supply cease to be priorities people realise that caring about the earth is important (this decreases environmental degradation)
what is an ecological footprint
amount of land and water required to produce resources for each country
what is ecological footprint measured in
global hectares (gha)
what is sustainable development
that which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
____ of children can be a tool in climate change
education
DONE! TOPIC 9 COMPLETE FROM TEXTBOOK!!
well done - now do more revision of something else! or write an 8 marker..or a 16 marker…and maybe have a tea as well. or go on a little run…
and remember to do the geo energy topic flashcards which are the second part of content for topic 9!!
