Unit 1 - Topic 2 Flashcards
What is HDI based on?
Life expectancy + years of schooling + real GNP per capita
What is infant mortality?
The number of children that die before their first birthday per 1 000 people
What is the death rate out of?
Per 1 000 people
What is the scale of CPI between
0 to 1 00
176 countries take part
What extra thing does GNP include?
Includes what citizens earn outside the country
What is GDP?
Total value of goods and services made in a counrty
What does PPP use to compare what you can buy?
Based on a basket of 100 dollars of goods - average household ones
In America, access to clean drinking water can be…
Limited
Suggest some disadvantages or advantages of some measures
Range of factors
Service development
Skewed by anomalies/things that aren’t dependent variable
Natural disaster/war
Hiding inequality
Give an example of a counrty when GDP is much higher than measured due to illegal activity
Columbia
Give an example of a country where culture influences birth rate not development
The Philippines
Give 3 ways to better interpret development indicators
Look at data over time
Compare countries
Ensure data is accurate - make sure rural communities have access/informal sector working
Give 5 consequences of inequality
Economic instability
Social tension
Less social mobility
Higher crime rates
Worse health
What is the development gap?
Gap between richest and poorest counrties
What’s the Gini coefficient between?
0 to 1
High Gini = more or less equal?
Less equal
Give the 5 stages of Rostow’s development model
Traditional society
Preconditions for takeoff
Takeoff
Drive to maturity
High mass consumption
Takeoff = what?
Secondary sector boom
What is drive to maturity?
Technology/standard of living better
During what period was India in the traditional society?
Pre 1950s
When was Indian colonialism?
Pre 1940s
Has India yet reached high mass consumption?
No
1950s to 1980s = what stage of development?
Preconditions to take off
After what decade did Britain get to high mass consumption
1970s
When is Malawi expected to get to the drive to maturity stage?
Mid 2 000s
Who made the dependency theory?
Frank
What is India’s world rank for GNI?
3rd
What is the world GNI per capita rank for India?
126th
What is 4x the average salary in India and who gets paid it?
£ 5 000 - call centre workers
What 3 economic hubs is India near?
Middle East - China - Tiger economies
What did the fertility decrease to from 1991 to 2021?
4 to 2.2
What percent of people are aged 65 and over as of 2021?
6.7%
What fraction of working age women have jobs in India compared to Brazil
1/3 to 2/3
What % of parliamentary members are women?
12%
In what area of India has the fertility rate not dropped yet in India
Bihar
What is the HDI of India? (2014
0.59
By what % has the Indian economy grown since 1997?
7%
What canal can be used for trade with Europe? From India
Suez Canal
1/4 of India’s urban population is in what
1/4
What are 2 examples of Indian based TNCs
Tata global beverages/tata steel
What % of Malawi’s population is rural?
85%
How long is the single track railway to Nacala on the coast from Malawi?
800 km
What is an example of a TNC in Malawi?
PG Tips
How much are tea farmers paid per kg of tea?
1p
How much is tea sold for on the global market?
£1.75
How much is tea per kg in supermarkets?
£20
What is the shape of Malawi?
Long and thin
What is the mountain range like running through Malawi?
Long and thin
What % of births have health workers present
20%
What type of farmers are in Malawi
Subsistence farmers
What does subsistence farming mean
Just producing enough food to live on rather than for profit
What is the capital of Malawi
Lilongwe
GDP is measured in PPP which stands for what
Purchasing power parity
What is purchasing power parity
What your money can buy in a certain counrty
What is the poverty line
The minimum amount of money to meet someone’s basic needs
Give 2 social indicators of development
Literacy rate
Access to safe drinking water
What is the literacy rate
% of population over 15 who can read and write
What is access to safe drinking water statistic
% of population with access to safe water supply within 1km
What does a country’s level of development mean
Wealth (GDP), social and political progress
What is the gdp per capita of Malawi
1060
What is the gdp per capita in Brazil 2019
14652
What is the gdp per capita of uk 2019
46 659
What % of people live below the poverty line in Malawi 2019
51.5%
What % live below the poverty line in Brazil in 2019
4.2%
What country has the highest hdi rank in the world
Norway
What % of people in the uk live below the poverty line
18.6%
What is the HDI of Malawi
0.483 (2019)
What is the HDI of Brazil
0.765
What is the hdi of UK
0.932
Income inequality is higher/lower in Brazil than the UK
Higher
Income equality in Malawi and Brazil is different/similar
Similar
What is the 2nd highest hdi country
Ireland
What has the lowest hdi in the world
Niger
Chad is the __lowest hdi in the world
3rd
HDI is between __and __
0 and 1
What is HDI the average of
Life expectancy
Literacy
Average years of schooling
GDP per capita
Governments which have a low GDP also have a low HDI because governments dont have enough money to spend on ___and ___
Health
Education
What is the CPI to and from
0 to 100
Who was the CPI intended for
Investors to check where they could safely invest (whether it would just be used to bribe officials)
Malawi has the world’s most ____population
Youthful
What is the median age of Malawi
17
What is demographic data
Data linked to population
What is birth rate
Births per 1000 people per year
What is the deaths rate
Deaths per 1000 people per year
What is the dependency ratio
Number of those 0-14 or over 65 as a % of those of working age
What is the fertility rate
Average number of births per woman
What is the infant mortality rate
Number of births per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday
What is maternal mortality
Number of mothers per 100 000 who die in childbirth
What % of mothers are undernourished in Malawi
25%
Skilled health workers attend what % of births
20%
Babies of unhealthy mothers are more/less likely to die in their first five years
More
There are few/lots of state secondary schools in Malawi
Few
Many girls marry at __in rural areas
13
Malawi has a high/low fertility rate
High
What is the birth rate in Malawi
32.8 per 1000 people
What is the fertility rate in Malawi
4.2
What is dependency ratio in Malawi
91% (ratio is 0-14 or over 65)
What is the life expectancy in Malawi
62.2
What is number of doctors per 100 000 of population in Malawi
0.04
What is the doctors per 100 000 population in UK
2.8
What is the literacy rate in Malawi
62%
The worlds high income countries are grouped in what is known as the global ___
North
The global south comprises many ____income countries
Low
What is the development gap also known as
The north south divide
The north south divide was written about in whcih report and when
The Brandt report in 1980
What is the worlds wealth
78 trillion
The top quintile is the richest quarter/fifth of the world
Fifth
What % of the worlds wealth does the top quintile of countries hold
82.8%
In the 1980s there was rapid development in _____which created a group of middle income countries such as Brazil and chile
Latin America
How did Latin American countries grow economies
Large reserves of raw materials like iron ores - which encouraged investment
When did the south East Asian economies develop
1990s
Give 3 examples of NICs in south east Asia
Hong Kong
Singapore
Malaysia
What area are the Asian tiger economies in
Southeast Asia
India and china are known as what
Recently industrialising countries
What are the BRICs countries
Brazil Russia India china
Who is the current president of Malawi
Lazarus chakwera
When was Lazarus chakwera elected
2020
Give 4 geographical things holding Malawi back
Landlocked
Rural isolation
Climate change
Health problems
Give the economic cycle of poverty for Malawi
Low GDP
Lack of investment
Low production
Few exports
Low GDP
Little tax
Government officials siphon off income
Little to spend on education or healthcare
People cant work due to ill health
Low GDP
Give an example of a rich landlocked country with no port
Switzerland
How can exports from Malawi get to the coast
On an 800km single track railway to Nacala in MOzambique
Why is the speed of the train from the coat to Malawi limited
It has a narrow track
Give 3 examples of Malawi’s exports
Tobacco, sugar and tea
Give 3 imports of Malawi
Fertiliser, fuel, manufactured goods
What % of Malawis population is rural
85%
Malawi, like most African countries has _____to using mobile technology instead of landlines
Leap-frogged q
1 per___people in Malawi use the internet
8
What is the rough % of mobile phone ownership
50%
Rural phone coverage is great/poor
Poor
Give 2 issues caused by climate change in Africa
Water shortages
Food shortages - due to variable rainfall and increased drought
Rainfall in Malawi has been lower/higher since 2000
Lower
Rainy season in Malawi has been longer/shorter and rains have been less/more intense when they do arrive
Shorter
More
In 2012, Malawi’s maize harvest was reduced by ___% due to heavy rains
7
Why do water supplies in Lilongwe become contaminated in the rainy season
Surface runoff from built up areas
Why is air quality in lilongwe poor
Dust, industrial smoke and exhaust from badly maintained lorries
Squatter settlements on the edge of lilongwe have no ___or ___
Sanitation or water management
What are longer term problems facing Malawi due to covid 19
Lack of vaccines
Give 4 serious health issues in Malawi
Diarrhoea, typhoid, malaria, dengue fever
