Unit 2 - Topic 4 - UK landscape Section Flashcards
Rock types
What are the 3 main rock types?
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Rock types
What are the two main types of igneous rock?
Granite and basalt
Rock types
Volcanic igneous rock is formed from cooling ____ whereas plutonic igneous rock is formed from cooling ____
Lava then magma
Rock types
Which type of rock has smaller crystals: basalt or granite rock?
Basalt
Rock types
What type of igneous rock is basalt?
Volcanic
Rock types
What makes a type of igneous rock have small crystals?
Small cooling time
Rock types
True or false: igneous rock is very resistant
True
Rock types
How is igneous rock formed?
Formed from cooling lava (volcanic) or magma (plutonic) which crystallises and makes rocks
Rock types
How is sedimentary rock made?
Deposited and compacted sediment
Rock types
What three stages take place to break up igneous rock and form compacted layers of sediment?
Weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition
Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted sand?
Sandstone
Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted sandstone?
Millstone grit
Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted mud?
Clay
Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from 1 stage of compacted clay?
Shale
Rock types
What type of metamorphic rock is formed from compacted shale
Slate
Rock types
True or false: neither sandstone or millstone grit are resistant
False: they are both very resistant - millstone grit is more resistant
Rock types
When sandstone is younger (<100 million years old) it is ___ resistant whereas when it is older (>300 million years old) it is ___ resistant
Less then more
Rock types
Clay is _____ whereas shale is ____ but then slate is _____
Choose words from: brittle/harder, crumbly/weak, very resistant
Crumbly/weak, brittle/harder, very resistant
Rock types
What type of rock is schist?
Metamorphic
Rock types
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Sedimentary rock under pressure and heat
Rock types
What is chalk formed from?
Compacted oceanic organic matter
Rock types
Chalk has ____ resistance than clay
More/less
More
Rock types
What is Carboniferous limestone formed from?
Crystallised coral, fossils and rock fragments (using calcium carbonate)
Rock types
Which properties does Carboniferous limestone have:
Layers called bedding planes
Resistant
Porous/permeable
All of them
Rock types
What is marble (metamorphic) rock formed from?
Limestone
Rock types
True or false: chalk is young limestone
True
Rock types
State the rock types in this order of rock creation
Clay
Shale
Slate
Schist
Sedimentary then metamorphic (slate and schist)
Rock types
Select the rock types in this order of rock creation
Sandstone
Millstone grit
Chalk
Carboniferous limestone
Marble
Sedimentary then marble is metamorphic
Rock types
What is the distribution of igneous rock across the UK
Sparse clusters
Rock types
What is the distribution of sedimentary rock in the UK
Found south east of the tees exe line