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GCSE Geography Revision > Topic 3 Knowledge > Flashcards

Topic 3 Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

Capital city of Uganda

A

Kampala

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2
Q

Give 2 reasons young people might go to cities

A

Employment
education

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3
Q

Give 1 reason people might not want to live in rural areas

A

Employment opportunities are limited

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4
Q

What is urbanisation

A

Rise in % of people living in urban areas compared to rural ones

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5
Q

Most cities have ___ populations compared to rural areas

A

Younger

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6
Q

Give 2 causes of global urban growth

A

Migration to cities
Natural growth within cities

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7
Q

What does million city mean?

A

A city with a population larger than 1 million

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8
Q

The number of million cities is on the rise/decline

A

Rise

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9
Q

The largest cities in the world used to be in ___countries but they are now mostly in ___countries

A

Developed
Developing

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10
Q

What is a conurbation

A

A linking of urban areas /a continuous urban area

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11
Q

What is a mega city

A

Over 10 million people

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12
Q

In 1980, most mega cities were in ____ countries and now increasing numbers of mega cities are in ____ countries

A

High income
Emerging

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13
Q

Give 5 mega cities

A

São Paulo, Shanghai, Mumbai, Tokyo, New York

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14
Q

What is a world city

A

A city which plays a disproportionate role in global affairs

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15
Q

What does urban primacy mean

A

The urban area has an influence over and above their size

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16
Q

Give 4 ways cities exert influence

A

Investment, airline traffic, decision makers, political decisions

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17
Q

London has allot of ___ flowing through it as it is one of the world’s biggest financial centres

A

Investment

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18
Q

World cities have allot of airline traffic true or false

A

True

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19
Q

As of 2019, what city had the largest number of airline passengers arrive (out of the whole world)?

A

London - Gatwick and heathrow together = 119 million passengers in one year
This is one reason it is a global city

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20
Q

What % of the world’s largest companies have headquarters in cities of the USA, EU, and Japan

A

80%

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21
Q

Having TNC headquarters in your city controls allot of ____ activity. Such as ….

A

Economic
What to sell, at what price etc

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22
Q

Government decisions can affect people _____ and world cities are often hosts of governments. This is another way they exert ___

A

Globally
Influence

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23
Q

Give 2 ways government decisions can affect the rest of the world

A

Where to invest/resolving conflicts or getting involved in them

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24
Q

The world’s fastest growing cities are in ___ and ____

A

Africa and Asia

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25
Q

Give the main cause of city growth in Africa and Asia

A

Economic growth - creating new jobs

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26
Q

Give the reason for rapid economic growth and new job creation in emerging counrties

A

TNC investment in factories, causing rapid industrialisation

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27
Q

Give one reason cities in HICs are growing

A

Their service economies expanding
Especially for world cities

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28
Q

What is the population of Kampala?

A

3.3 million

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29
Q

Give the 2 main drivers of urban growth in Kampala

A

Internal migration
Natural increase

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30
Q

Why is natural increase particularly large in Kampala

A

Migrants tend to be young and have children

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31
Q

What areas do most people coming into Kampala come from

A

Rural areas

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32
Q

Give 4 pull factors into Kampala

A

Jobs in growing businesses
Jobs in construction building infrastructure
Better services
Better life chances

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33
Q

Give a piece of evidence showing there are increasing numbers of jobs in new businesses in Kampala

A

A steelworks (TNC owned) has recently opened in southern Kampala
Now employs 2000 people

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34
Q

Give 3 push factors away from Kampala

A

Drought and floods
Low investment
Few services (health in particular)
Low incomes
Few opportunities (eg to own land)

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35
Q

_____ improves knowledge of urban employment which increases rural-urban migration

A

Technology

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36
Q

Give 2 examples of the tech that can encourage rural-urban migration through more knowledge of urban employment

A

Radio and television

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37
Q

Unlike many other cities in HICs, New York’s growth as a city has _____

A

Slowed

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38
Q

Give the major cause of growth in New York

A

Knowledge economy

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39
Q

What has increased international migration into New York

A

Knowledge economy leads to experts being effectively imported from overseas into top jobs to fill positions that the USA cant fill on its own

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40
Q

What % 0f New York’s population is foreign born

A

37%

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41
Q

What is the big company in Detroit?

A

General Motors

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42
Q

General Motors is the USA’s largest ____ company

A

Car

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43
Q

What was Detroits population in 1950 and due to what

A

1.85 million
General Motors

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44
Q

Give 2 reasons for detroits decline

A

Wealthier population left for the suburbs
GM’s sales halved

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45
Q

During what period of time did the wealthier population of Detroit leave for the suburbs

A

1960 - 2000

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46
Q

Give the chain of causality following the suburbanisation of wealthier residents

A

Income from local taxes fell
Detriot City Council couldn’t provide enough services

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47
Q

When did Detriot city council go bankrupt

A

2013

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48
Q

In what decade did GM’s sales halve

A

2000-2010

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49
Q

Give 2 ways GM’s activities have required less people

A

Uses robotics to make cars
Imports parts from overseas

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50
Q

Give 2 things resultant from GM’s sales halving and it requiring fewer workers

A

Unemployment
De-industrialisation

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51
Q

What is de industrialisation

A

Closure of industries

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52
Q

As of 2020, the decline of population has slowed/increased

A

Slowed

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53
Q

Why is population decline slowing in detriot

A

New investment is creating new jobs

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54
Q

Give 3 examples of the informal economy

A

Selling goods (clothes + groceries)
Cooking or selling food (fruit + veg)
Offering a service (mending a car tyre)

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55
Q

What % of people work in the informal sector of Uganda’s economy

A

80%

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56
Q

What is the main demographic of workers in the informal economy of Kampala?

A

Women + young people

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57
Q

Kampala’s formal economy is ___

A

Large

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58
Q

____ are the main part of Kampala’s formal economy

A

Services

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59
Q

Why is the formal economy only growing slowly

A

Most Ugandans are rural subsistence farmers

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60
Q

What % of Uganda’s population are in manufacturing?

A

7

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61
Q

Kampala is a ____ city

A

developing

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62
Q

New Delhi is an _____ city

A

Emerging

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63
Q

What % of workers in New Delhi work in the informal sector?

A

80

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64
Q

Most people work in ___ sector in New Delhi

A

Service

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65
Q

Service industries give New Delhi __% of its GDP in 2017-2018

A

86

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66
Q

Why are so many factories part of the informal economy in New Delhi?

A

There are no regulations about worker records, tax payments, working conditions

Also no minimum wage of benefits

67
Q

True or false: there is a minimum wage in New Delhi

A

False

68
Q

New York is a ____ city

A

Developed

69
Q

What % of employment in New York is manufacturing

A

10%

70
Q

What type of labour feeds manufacturing industry in New York?

A

Cheap migrant Labour - it is 2/3 of labour in this sector

71
Q

What fraction of labour in manufacturing is cheap migrant labour in New York

A

2/3

72
Q

What is the most valuable part of NYC’s economy?

A

Knowledge economy

73
Q

In 2020, financial companies provided ___ % of NYC employment

A

10

74
Q

What % of NYC’s economy is in the informal sector?

A

7

75
Q

Give the 2 main groups of people involved in informal economy in NYC

A

Migrants
Self employed workers who dont declare income to tax officials

76
Q

In informal work, workers have no___ and often have to work ___ hours for ___ than minimum wage

A

Protection
Long
Less

77
Q

_____, street ___ and ____ have large informal sectors

A

Construction, street selling, cleaning

78
Q

What was formed as a result of major migration from certain ethnic groups like Puetro Ricans and African Americans

A

Ethnic enclaves

79
Q

Why did so many Puerto Ricans come to NYC

A

It became a US territory in 1917 and have citizens free movement to USA

80
Q

Why did so many African Americans come into NYC

A

From southern USA, escaping poor economic conditions and racial segregation

81
Q

What system facilitated the outward expansion of the city

A

Transport - the subway and rail system

82
Q

Give 2 other types of transportation that was developed which facilitated the expansion of manhattan?

A

Road bridges and freeways - cars

83
Q

Give two examples of road bridges which connected up manhattan?

A

Road bridges crossing the Hudson and east rivers

84
Q

When was suburbanisation for NYC?

A

1950-1980

85
Q

What % of NYC’s population was lost between 1950 and 1980?

A

12%

86
Q

What was the main demographic of people moving out of NYC 1950-1980?

A

White people who had done well enough to move out of

87
Q

What was white counter urbanisation known as

A

White flight

88
Q

What happened after whit flight which made people feel unsafe?

A

Ethnic rivalries between groups left behind

89
Q

GAP BETWEEN THIS PAGE ON NYC AND PAGE 92 MUMBAI

A
90
Q

Mumbai is India’s largest ___

A

Container port

91
Q

The city is _____, just above ___ level

A

Low lying, sea

92
Q

It has a ___ season

A

Monsoon

93
Q

______ rains can flood ____ roads

A

Monsoon
Low lying

94
Q

In 2021 the population of Mumbai =

A

20 million

95
Q

What is the population of Mumbai including the metropolitan area

A

25 million

96
Q

How long is Mumbai’s waterfront

A

10km

97
Q

Give one aspect of Mumbai’s location which helps its trade connection internationally

A

It is closer to Europe via the Suez Canal compared to other Indian ports

98
Q

By air, how many hours is Mumbai from UK airports?

A

9

99
Q

How many hours flight are other Indian cities away from Mumbai?

A

Within 2 hours

100
Q

What is one difference between the model of the structure of developing cities and Mumbai

A

The CBD is not in the centre, but around the harbour on the island tip

101
Q

Where have industrial areas moved to for cheaper land

A

Nazi Mumbai

102
Q

Where do low income groups live in Mumbai?

A

Chawls

103
Q

What are chawls

A

Low quality multi storey buildings

104
Q

Give an example of a squatter settlement in Mumbai

A

Dharavi

105
Q

The poorest ___% live in ___ housing

A

60
Informal

106
Q

How many new migrants arrive to Mumbai each day

A

1 000

107
Q

What type of urbanisation is happening in Mumbai?

A

Hyper urbanisation

108
Q

True or false Nazi Mumbai is a suburb

A

True

109
Q

What class occupies Navi Mumbai?

A

Middle classes

110
Q

Give 4 areas of investment in Mumbai

A

Services
Manufacturing
Construction
Entertainment

111
Q

Give an example of some entertainment industries with heavy investment in Mumbai

A

Bollywood

112
Q

Give an example of a manufacturing industry in Mumbai

A

Textiles

113
Q

Give an example of a services industry in Mumbai

A

Banking

114
Q

Mumbai is one of the world’s most ____ cities

A

Expensive

115
Q

Manufacturing industries needing lots of space are moving out/into Mumbai

A

Out - due to high land prices caused by demand pressures

116
Q

Give 2 reasons Mumbai has grown as a city

A

Rural urban migration
Natural increase

117
Q

The majority of migrants into Mumbai are short/long distance from the state in which MUmbai is situated, ____

A

Short
Maharastra

118
Q

Give 4 pull factors for Mumbai

A

More jobs
Better education
Entertainment
High incomes

119
Q

How many universities does Mumbai have?

A

12

120
Q

What is the literacy rate in Mumbai

A

95%

121
Q

What is the rate of natural increase in Mumbai

A

1.4% per year

122
Q

How much money is the informal economy worth to Mumbai’s GDP per year?

A

1 billion USD

123
Q

True or false: homes in Dharavi dont have electricity

A

False: they do
But it is often from illegal and unsafe hook ups

124
Q

What are rents for a small flat in Dharavi

A

200 rupees per month

125
Q

Up to __ families might share a tap if you are on a low income in Dharavi

A

10

126
Q

How much do toilets cost to use in Dharavi

A

3 cents - they are communal

127
Q

What is the population of Dharavi

A

1 million

128
Q

How many people per toilet in Dharavi

A

625

129
Q

What % of women are suffering from malnutrition

A

50%

130
Q

What is the literacy rate in Dharavi

A

69%

131
Q

How much does a one bedroom apartment cost in 2021 in Mumbai

A

320 000

132
Q

What is Mumbai’s main problem

A

Tax

133
Q

Give 2 reasons the tax collection is low for Mumbai

A

Not enough tax collectors
Tax free zones to attract companies

134
Q

Explain the vicious cycle of low government income from tax and low infrastructure quality

A

Low income
Little infrastructure
Companies leave for better infrastructure elsewhere
Government sets up tax free zones
Less tax income
Can’t afford tax collectors
Factories unregulated
Informal economy expands
Still no tax

135
Q

Why are private companies put off from building houses in Mumbai

A

The government limits maximum rents

136
Q

What % of Mumbai’s population uses communal taps

A

60%

137
Q

Rapid urbanisation has caused uncontrolled water ____

A

Pollution

138
Q

What river do factories dump untreated waste in

A

The Mithi river

139
Q

How many litres of untreated sewage goes into the river daily

A

800 million litres

140
Q

What % of Mumbai’s waste is recycled?

A

80%

141
Q

Mumbai’s recycling industry is worth __ per year

A

1.5 million USD

142
Q

Give 5 recommendations for Mumbai to improve air quality

A

Use low benzene petrol
Improve public transport
Charge higher road tax on older vehicles
Check on fuel tampering
Use LPG (gas) instead of burning coal

143
Q

How many die per day on Mumbai’s rail system due to overcrowding?

A

10

144
Q

Give the 4 sustainable development questions

A

Does it benefit all?
Is it bottom up?
Will it last?
Is it eco friendly?

145
Q

Give a top down development example

A

Vision Mumbai

146
Q

What firm proposed vision Mumbai

A

McKinsey

147
Q

How much investment was recommended to improve Mumbai by McKinsey

A

40 billion USD

148
Q

Give 3 ideas the vision Mumbai report had

A

Build 1 million low cost homes and reduce poor quality housing
Improve transport road and rail infrastructure
Improve air and water quality by reducing pollution

149
Q

Give 4 targets for Mumbai given by vision Mumbai

A

Restore 325 green spaces that had been waste dumping grounds
Build 300 extra public toilets
Widen and beautify main roads
Improve train capacity and safety

150
Q

Vision Mumbai called from what to be demolished

A

Dharavi

151
Q

Demolishing Mumbai would free up highly ___ land for housing and office developers

A

Lucrative/valuable

152
Q

How many homes have been demolished in Dharavi after the plan

A

45 000

153
Q

What sanitation systems were introduced for the new flats

A

Piped water and sewage systems

154
Q

In 2020, how many new trains were added to Mumbai’s rail network

A

350

155
Q

Give 4 reasons people in Dharavi dont like the changes suggested by vision Mumbai

A

Many prefer housing improvement (adding in sewage treatment or piped water) to demolition
New 14 storey apartment blocks have split communities
Rents cost more now
Recycling industry affected by damage to small workshops

156
Q

What are 3 failures of the vision Mumbai scheme

A

Water quality is worsening in Mumbai
Beaches are unsafe
Poor quality housing is rapidly growing, and sewage treatment is not following this growth

157
Q

What is LSS

A

lol Seva sangram = health charity in Mumbai

158
Q

What does LSS tackle

A

Leprosy

159
Q

After working to treat Leprosy patients LSS expanded to ___

A

TB

160
Q

Give 4 things LSS has done around treatments after COVID

A

Éducation programs on COVID awareness about how it spreads
Provided 200 patients with masks and sanitisers
Provided food to families who have lost jobs
Screened 2300 patients at a mobile health clinic for covid symptoms

161
Q

Where does LSS work mainly now?

A

Baiganwadi

162
Q

Give the 3 step approach LSS has now - acronym SET

A

Surveys
Educates
Treats

163
Q

Give 3 examples of community work that LSS does

A

Exhibitions about diseases like typhoid
Street theatre showing disease symptoms
DVDs played to community groups about healthcare

164
Q

Give 3 things LSS focuses on with women

A

Sanitation - like boiling drinking water
Vermiculture for dealing with household waste to make compost which can be sold
Activities saucy as sewing to raise money

GCSE Geography Revision (15 decks)

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