Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Geography Revision > topic 5 specification > Flashcards

topic 5 specification Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

where is population density highest

A

in urban cores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are conurbations

A

towns that have merged to form continuous urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

give an example of a conurbation

A

merseyside - including Liverpool, Knowsley and St Helens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give 2 mostly rural upland areas

A

northern Scotland
and central Wales
south west England
north England
northern ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urban cores have more ___activity

A

economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___of jobs in cities are found where

A

in the urban core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what sector are main employment opportunities in

A

tertiary (and manufacturing (electronics/food and drink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

give 2 reason people live in cities

A

more jobs
better paid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is main industry in rural areas

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of seasonal industry can be found in rural areas

A

tourism - such as in lake district cafe and hotels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

some rural settlements near urban areas have become what

A

commuter settlements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

there is a higher proportion of young/old in cities

A

young - as more working age attracted by jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why are there more old people in rural

A

move out of cities to peace and don’t need to work (retire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

isolated rural areas on the ___of the UK are relatively ___which leads to few employment opportunities as easy/hard to farm and many/few natural resources - therefore young people move out leading to ____which leads to loss of ___

A

periphery
inaccessible
hard
few
depopulation
services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rural areas around former ___areas (such as north- ___of England and parts of midlands)have high ___due to loss of the ___

A

industrial
east
unemployment
industries/jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give 3 policies which aim to reduce differences in wealth (inequality)

A

enterprise zones
transport infrastructure
regional development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many enterprise zones has the government created

A

55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give 3 things in the enterprise zones for businesses

A

reduced taxes
simpler planning rules
improved infrastructure (eg super fast broadband)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give an example of an enterprise zone and how many companies (of what type) have been created there and how many businesses it wants to attract and how many jobs it wants to create

A

Dorset green enterprise zone
2 high tech engineering companies
55
2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the government going to do to link London, Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester

A

create HS2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what will HS2 do

A

increase capacity and reduce journey time and therefore promote industry and jobs in rural areas in the north

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

given example of a local investment in transport to create jobs in rural areas

A

Lancashire country council built a new road linking the port of Heysham to the M6
to encourage business investment by reducing travel time and easing congestion and creating jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what fund in the EU promotes growth in rural areas

A

European regional development fund

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give 3 things the ERDF did to promote growth in poorer rural areas

A

invest in small high tech business
invest in infrastructure such as high speed broadband
provide training to locals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

give an example of a project from the ERDF which funded _____in an area of the UK and what type of people it attracted

A

superfast broadband in Cornwall
attracted digital businesses such as gravitas and linked regeneration projects and research centres in the region
attracted young, skilled graduates to boost local economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

give an example of a government scheme to boost regional development and what it does

A

sustainable farming incentive (SFI) - funds farmers to improve food production and sustainability as farmers are rewarded for improving water quality, soil health and biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what 2 things does migration influence

A

age structure and population distribution in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what fraction of the UK’s population growth is natural increase

A

50% (more births than deaths)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what fraction of population growth in UK is migration

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where do people leave the UK to go to

A

australia, USA, Frsnce snd spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

since __there has been net migration into the UK

A

1983

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

net migration has more than ___in the last 10 years

A

doubled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where do young national migrants and most international migrants go

A

cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the 2 most popular destinations for international migrants

A

London and West Midlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what region has the highest number of people leaving

A

London

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

there is lots of ____as wealthy people leave cities for a better quality of life in rural areas for example from London

A

counter urbanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

many older people move where when they retire

A

coastal areas in east and south west

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

lots of ___migrants means there are more young people

A

young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

migration increases the __rate Im the UK

A

birth rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what % of Uk population are immigrants

A

13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what % of the babies born in the UK are the children of immigrants

A

27%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

after WW–the UK encouraged immigration from where

A

commonwealth countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

where was there lots of immigration from after WW2 to fill up job shortages

A

caribbean, india, pakistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

after wind rush entry was restricted but ___permits for migrants with desirable ___were available so many highly skilled __and __still come to the UK

A

work
skills
Indians
pakistanis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hat % of people in the UK have Caribbean and asian ethnicity

A

nearly 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what % of the population of Leicester is of Indian heritage

A

29%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

since __the EU has allowed freedom of movement

A

1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

freedom of movement in the EU has increased the number of people in the UK from ___

A

europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

in ___how many countries joined the EU and what did this mean for people in the UK and jobs markets

A

2004, 8 - more people from these courntries came to find low skilled jobs in the uK for example Poland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

when did the Uk leave EU

A

2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

EU immigrant numbers have fallen since when

A

2020 - Brexit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what group is one of the largest non UK born groups in the UK and between what two years did the proportion of these people increase

A

2001 - 2011 - polish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

international immigration has increased __diversity introducing __, __ and __

A

cultural
language
food
art
festivals
fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

since ___jobs in the pimrary industry have ___. as farming jobs became ___so fewer people needed. the __industry declined due to foreign _____and cheaper ___

A

1960
decline
mechanised
mining
competition
alternative fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

since 1960 jobs in __industry have ealso decreased (__% of the workforce 1961 to __% 2011)

A

36
9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is the UK’s largest sector

A

retail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

how many people in retail sector

A

2.9 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

the city of ___has many global ___institutions

A

London
financial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what industries (apart from tertiary) are increasing
and give an example

A

quaternary - IT /research and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

in 2013 how much money was spent on research and development

A

30 billion pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

where is burnley

A

lancashire - 20 miles north of Manchester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what was the industry in burnley in the early 1900s

A

textiles - cotton weaving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

from ___the textile industry in the UK began to collapse due to ____. the last cotton mill closed in___

A

1914
cheap imports
1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

other __and __industries in burnley also struggled in the 20th century leading to what

A

loss of jobs
primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what is the employment rate in burnley

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

wages in burnley are below/above UK average

A

below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

the __skills in burnley are attracting what

A

aerospace engineering firms due to low costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what two sectors are growing in south Wales

A

tertiary and quaternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

for much of the 1800s and 1900s the economy of south Wales was based on what 2 industries

A

coal mining and ironmaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

in the 1900s, __and __declined in south Wales due to overseas____ leading to ___and __

A

coal mining
ironmaking competition
unemployment and poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

in __different parts of the region of south Wales worked together to achieve economic ___. they aimed to improve __networks, attract __and increase __to draw __to the area

A

1992
growth
transport
businesses
skills
visitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

costs in south Wales are lower/higher than London which makes it __to start up new businesses

A

lower
easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

give 2 examples of universities in south Wales which supply a skilled labour force

A

Cardiff and swansea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

south Wales has now attracted ____industries with __and ___companies in particular. As disposable income increases people spend more money on ___which creates yet more jobs in the __effect

A

high tech
digital
media
services
multiplier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what is increasing in the UK (type of money)

A

FDI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

give 2 forms of FDI

A

companies busy land or buildings and locate factory or office there
companies buy all or part of existing businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what has FDI in the UK risen from and to 2010 to 2014

A

2010 = £726 billion
2014 = £1 065 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what groups invest most in the UK as part for FDI

A

TNCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

give 3 reasons for more FDI in the UK

A

globalisation
free trade
privatisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what is globalisaton

A

the process of countries becoming more integrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

give 2 ways globalisation is increasing FDI

A

transport and communication links improved - easier for foreign companies to operate and travel in UK
London has developed as a global financial centre and foreign banks locate there due to networking opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

give an example of a foreign bank in London due to globalisation

A

German Deutsche Bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

how has privatisation increased FDI

A

services previously nationalised now owned by foreign firms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

give an example of UK electricity being owned by a foreign company

A

Scottish power is owned by the spanish company Iberdrola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

give 3 ways free trade increases FDI

A

reduce import and export restrictions - easier to trade and set up businesses
EU promotes free trade between member states - companies could move goods and services freely between UK and home country while we were in EU and this increased FDi from the EU
since 2020 - negotiating free trade agreements with other countries which could attract investors from non EU countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

give 3 benefits to the UK economy from TNCs

A

jobs created
large scale projects in infrastructure created which government couldn’t otherwise afford
development of new products and business practices which can increase productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

give an example of globalisation creating new jobs

A

US firm Grand Heritage Hotel Group investing in a resort in Derbyshire and creating 1000 jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

give an example of large scale projects which the government can’t afford but TNCs can

A

£15 billion invested into offshore wind and sub sea power cables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

give 3 problems for the Uk economy created by TNCs

A

over reliance
potential damage if they relocate
local businesses can’t compete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

give an example of a problem elsewhere in the world affecting the UK economy due to over reliance on TNCs

A

economic recession led to redundancies at Nissan factory in Sunderland in 2009

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

give an example of big effects that could happen if a TNC decides to relocate or change suppliers

A

many farmers in UK are dependent on just one or two large TNCs who buy their produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

give an example of local businesses struggling to compete with TNCs

A

Starbucks has arrived and in some places forced independent shops to close down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

London is a __city

A

global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

where is London’s site

A

a flat floodplain along the river thames estuary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

over __% of the UK’s income comes from what city

A

20% London

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

London was a major __until 1981 and still has ____links

A

port
shipping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

how many major international airports in London

A

Heathrow and Gatwick and (London city airport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

how many smaller airports does London have

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

how is there easy access to mainland Europe from London

A

across the channel tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

companies are attracted by proximity to __-and so the economies of the south-__of England and ___of England are the two biggest regional economies outside of London

A

London
east
east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

London is a __city and one of the two most important __-centres in the world. there are more foreign __in London than anywhere else

A

works
financial
banks

102
Q

what is the main land use of the CBD

A

commercial

103
Q

what is CBD

A

central business district

104
Q

what 2 buildings are in the CBD

A

high rise office and historical

105
Q

land is ___in the CBD so building density is ___. there are still a few small __though

A

expensive
high
parks

106
Q

give 2 examples of inner city areas

A

newham and chelsea

107
Q

newham is a __class residential inner city area compared to Chelsea which is a ___class residential area

A

low
high

108
Q

give 3 words to describe housing in newham

A

low density
old
terraced
1960s-70s high rise flats and modern apartments

109
Q

what is environmental quality like in newham and how much green space

A

low
some

110
Q

what % of houses in Chelsea built. before 1919

A

80

111
Q

land in Chelsea is ___and so building density is ___. lots of large __houses some of which are now ___. lots of high quality __space and most houses have __.

A

expensive
high
terraced
flats
green
gardens

112
Q

give an example of a suburbs in London

A

surbiton
Kingston upon Thames

113
Q

what class residential is surbiton

A

middle class

114
Q

what type of housing in surbiton

A

good quality 20th century semi detached

115
Q

most houses in surbiton have ___and there are lots of large areas of good quality __space

A

gardens
green

116
Q

give 2 examples of the rural urban fringe in London

A

crockenhill - Sevenoaks
thurrock

117
Q

what type of residential is Sevenoaks

A

highclass

118
Q

what type of houses in Sevenoaks and what is the area surrounded by

A

large, detatched and semi detached with gardens
countryside

119
Q

what type of main land use is Thurrock

A

industrial and commercial

120
Q

what is the main land use in surbiton

A

middle class residential

121
Q

what is main land use in chelae

A

high class residential

122
Q

give 3 examples of industries in Thurrock

A

oil refineries
manufacturing
container port

123
Q

give an example of a new thing in Thurrock

A

a lakeside retail park opened in 1990

124
Q

what is the population of London

A

over 8.5 million people

125
Q

give 3 things increasing London’s population

A

International
national migration
internal population growth (natural increase)

126
Q

what ws net international migration to London in 2014r

A

over 100 000 people

127
Q

what is the migration nationally to London

A

young people move to the city for work or to study

128
Q

why is there internal population growth in London

A

lots of young people who have babies

129
Q

inner city lonond has the lowest/highest rate of people moving in and out

A

highest

130
Q

why do highly skilled people move into inner city

A

to work in high paid jobs

131
Q

why do low skilled migrants move to inner city

A

looking for jobs in service sector like cleaning or catering

132
Q

migrants who have spent longer amounts of time in London move to the ___as they get settled

A

suburbs

133
Q

what % of the population of the boroughs of harrow and hounslow (outer London) are foreign born

A

50%

134
Q

there is a high percentage of people aged __ to __in inner city London and a low proportion of people over ___

A

25-34
65

135
Q

what % of people are foreign born in newham, what % in kingston upon Thames

A

52
29

136
Q

ethnic diversity is higher/low in inner city areas compared to further out

A

higher

137
Q

population growth rates are __in inner city areas due to high__rates and __rate as young immigrants

A

high
immigration
birth

138
Q

immigration leads to __in csome areas

A

overcrowding

139
Q

poorer immigrants live where and why

A

older terraces and 1960s-70s council tower blocks in inner city - as more affordable

140
Q

in inner cities with high immigration there is an increasing demand for what

A

services such as education and healthcare - however those who need it the most often don’t get the services in poorest areas

141
Q

London has more than __langiages spoken and is very culturally ___

A

200
diverse

142
Q

many immigrants choose to settle near people with ___ethnic background giving some areas a distinct ethnic character such as what

A

chinatown
same

143
Q

what is the IMD

A

index of multiple deprivation

144
Q

give 7 things that the IMD uses to give a figure on overall quality of life

A

employment
health
education
crime
housing
services
environment

145
Q

deprivation is highest where in London

A

n=inner city and parts of north London

146
Q

east London is generally more/less deprived than west London

A

more

147
Q

give 2 ways poorer people are limited auto where they can live

A

poor quality housing in inner city only
close two work as no car and can’t afford public transport

148
Q

what does deprivation affect

A

access to jobs and services

149
Q

give 4 ways in which poverty can lead to bad quality of life

A

services
education
employment
health

150
Q

how can deprivation harm access to services

A

rapid population growth
puts pressure on services
funding to services is higher in deprived areas as councils get less money from taxes and businesses

151
Q

there are ___manufacturing jobs in the inner city as new industries locate on the ___making it harder/easier for people to find suitable work

A

fewer
outskirts
harder

152
Q

what is average income in Kensington and Chelsea

A

£130 000

153
Q

what is average income in newham

A

£35 000

154
Q

what % of London’s population is living in poverty

A

25

155
Q

the best state schools are very ____and hard to get into. which means poorer families end up in ____state schools.

A

over subscribed
under performing

156
Q

how can lack of access to education due to lack of access to best state schools lead to

A

cycle of poverty - lack of education = limited job opportunities and Lower incomes

157
Q

what type of lifestyles are more common in deprived areas and this leads to life expectancy being about __years lower in poorer areas

A

unhealthy - drinking/smoking
5

158
Q

how can healthcare be bad for people in deprived areas

A

free on NHS but NHS can be overwhelmed and people can’t afford private healthcare

159
Q

parts of the __and __in London have declined

A

inner city
CBD

160
Q

what 2 things has led to decline in central areas of lodon

A

de industrialisation
depopulation

161
Q

the decline of what industries in the east end led to mass unemployment

A

docks and manufacturing

162
Q

what % of jobs in dockland areas were lost between __and __

A

20
1966 and 1976

163
Q

what 2 things led to people moving away from the docklands in the second half of the 20th century

A

deindustrialization
unemployment

164
Q

what was the depopulation of the inner city caused by as well as deindustrialisation and unemployment

A

suburbanisation and the building of satellite towns such as Milton Keynes
and slum clearance (demolishing old terraces and replaced with high rise flats)

165
Q

give 2 examples of slum clearances in London

A

aylesbury estate and southwark

166
Q

what happened as people left some urban areas

A

buildings left derelict
decrease in services (shops and healthcare)

167
Q

what happened causing further decline after depopulation in some inner city areas

A

de centralisation - shops and businesses moving out of CBD
as many shops struggled with high rents in city centre
and moved to central locations like lewisham
new high tech industries relocated to business parks like north London business park where land is cheaper, better transport and access

168
Q

the growth of ___has put pressure on high street shops and some firms have moved to edge of city where they can distribute to online shoppers more easily
and other shops have ____

A

e commerce
closed down

169
Q

give 4 reasons for ___and __seeing economic growth

A

rural urban fringe
inner city

financial and business services and TNC investment
gentrification + studentification
urban sprawl
leisure and culture

170
Q

the growth of __and __services is revitalising the CBD (as all the__and __and __companies benefit from being close to each other)

A

finance and business services
law
banking
insurance

171
Q

many TNCs locate _-and __department headquarters to London - why

A

sales and marketing
it is an important financial centre

172
Q

give 3 examples of TNCs based in London

A

HSBC
shell
Virgin Atlantic Airways

173
Q

TNCs located in london attract further ___and cement London’s identity as a __city

A

investment
global

174
Q

give an example of a gentrified area

A

islington

175
Q

what is gentrification

A

wealthy people move to rundown areas and regenerate them by improving houses and attracting some more fancy services

176
Q

give an example of a studentified area

A

Camden

177
Q

what has happened in Camden due to studentification

A

thriving services and entertainment= new jobs and wealth

178
Q

where has most growth in london taken place

A

rural urban fringe

179
Q

give an example of a shopping centre built on the edge of the city and why it was built there

A

as land is cheaper and less congestion and more parking
Bluewater

180
Q

give examples of industrial areas developed on the outskirts of London

A

crossways business park by the QEII bridge

181
Q

the availability of ___in industrial areas outside of London has done what

A

jobs
attracted people to live there

182
Q

when did London host the Olympic Games

A

2012

183
Q

where was the investment for the Olympic Games in London directed

A

east end

184
Q

the athlete’s village in the olympics has since been developed into what

A

a modern housing estate

185
Q

the olympics gave new what to the east end

A

transport links

186
Q

the sports stadiums for the olympics are put to ___use and host what

A

community
world sporting events

187
Q

olympics has led to more people ___to the area

A

moving

188
Q

give an example of a place in London that was regenerated and rebranded

A

docklands

189
Q

when was docklands rebranded and regenerated

A

1980s-90s

190
Q

what was docklands degenerated into

A

a centre for finance and business and new office space

191
Q

give an example of a specific regenerated area in docklands

A

Canary Wharf

192
Q

give 4 positive impacts of regeneration in docklands

A

tranport improved
environment improved
business attracted and thrive
population increased

193
Q

give 2 examples of transport regeneration in docklands

A

docklands light railway and jubilee line extension

194
Q

give an example of how quality green space has been introduced and environment improved

A

thames barrier park

195
Q

give an example of a global bank in canary whar

A

barclays

196
Q

give 3 negative impacts of regeneration in docklands

A

locals had to leave
some traditional businesses closed
existing communities broken up

197
Q

what % of the docklands population were unskilled workers and lived in council housing and so couldn’t afford the regenerated houses in docklands

A

36%

198
Q

give an example of what businesses changed from and to in the docklands regeneration

A

pubs to artisan bakeries

199
Q

give examples of the places communities moved to after docklands regeneration

A

Chigwell in Essex

200
Q

give 3 things strategies for sustainable living need to take into acocunt

A

environment
economy
social well-being

201
Q

why can cities never be properly sustainable

A

so population dense and need so many resources

202
Q

give 5 things that can be changed to make urban living more sustainable

A

employment
recycling
green spaces
transport
housing

203
Q

what does improving employment do

A

reduce poverty
improve economic sustainability

204
Q

give an example of something that helps fair wages in London to deal with the particularly high cost of living

A

London living wage

205
Q

give ab example of programs to help people progress to higher paid jobs

A

skills programs such as En-route to sustainable employment

206
Q

how does recycling improve sustainable development

A

fewer resources are used

207
Q

only___% of rubbish in London is recycled and this is the ___level in England

A

33
lowest

208
Q

London is ___% green spaces

A

40

209
Q

give an example of a large open area on the outskirts of London

A

Hampstead Heath

210
Q

give 3 ways noise and air pollution can be reduced

A

congestion charging
self service bikes
electric buses and zero emission taxis

211
Q

what does congestion charging do

A

discourages drivers from entering the city at peak times

212
Q

give one example of a large scale sustainable housing community in London

A

BedZED

213
Q

give 3 ways in which the houses in the BedZED scheme are sustainably designed

A

thick insulation
solar heating systems
water saving appliances

214
Q

the houses in BedZED are built from __sourced materials to reduce carbon footprint and many properties have ____rents to make them affordable

A

locally
subsidised

215
Q

how is London connected to rural areas surrounding

A

they rely on each other for goods and services

216
Q

many people commute into London from surrounding rural areas to wrk - around ___% f people in the ___district work in London

A

40
Sevenoaks

217
Q

___move into lodon as they want to live close tow work and have good ___facilities such as in ___

A

students and young professionals
entertainment
Camden

218
Q

lodon relies on surrounding rural areas for ___ (not workers)

A

food

219
Q

many ___sell food to __-and ___in the city of London

A

farmers
supermarkets
wholesalers

220
Q

many ___people travel into London to do some ___due to a greater selection of ___such as __-

A

rural
shopping
shops
Oxford street

221
Q

London has lots of __and __and specialist services such as _____

A

hospitals
private schools
great Ormond street children’s hospital

222
Q

many Londoners travel to the countryside for ___activities such as to play__and walk in country ___

A

leisure
golf
parks

223
Q

give 4 benefits of the interdependence of urban and rural areas

A

rural businesses thrive on commuters with larger disposable incomes living in rural areas
farmers have made money from selling land, buildings
existing houses have been improved in places like Kentish oast houses which have been renovated
less pressure on housing in lonodn

224
Q

give 3 costs of the interdependence of urban and rural areas

A

commuter settlements which are empty during day and shops may close due to reduced demand
new housing estates on open countryside affecting wildlife habitats
commuters drive and increase congestion and air pollution

225
Q

give an example of a commuter settlement

A

Ivy Hatch

226
Q

give an example of housing estates being built on wildlife habitats

A

Dunton Green

227
Q

Sevenoaks is largely ___and in the south-___of London

A

rural
east

228
Q

what process puts pressure on housing and pushes up prices in rural areas like Sevenoaks

A

counter urbanisation

229
Q

give one example of how house prices have risen since 1995 in Sevenoaks due to high demand and counter urbanisation

A

risen by 250%

230
Q

people retire to Sevenoaks - why?

A

peaceful and pleasant

231
Q

London now has more people with ___incomes and more leisure time which increases demand for __and __services

A

higher
leisure
recreation - such as gold courses and riding schools on the outskirts of London

232
Q

lower IMD score = higher/lower quality of life

A

higher

233
Q

give 2 examples of area where employment deprivation is concentrated

A

swanley and merstham

234
Q

give an example of loss of work for farmers due to mechanisation and technology in agriculture

A

kent has fewer agricultural wokers

235
Q

what has happened to manufacturing in Kent since 1998

A

declined by more than 30%

236
Q

Sevenoaks is in the ___% most deprived areas for housing affordability

A

30

237
Q

ageing populations need more __and __

A

healthcare and special facilities

238
Q

____in smaller commuinties are threatened by what and give an example

A

GP surgeries
west kingstown surgery nearly closed in 2016

239
Q

schools in some rural communities are closing due to what and give an example

A

declining student numbers
no secondary school in edenbrigde now

240
Q

many elderly people in rural areas don’t have what which means

A

car
can’t access shops or healthcare

241
Q

young people have to do what__to access leisure facilities due to decline of rural areas due to depopulation

A

travel far - to school as well

242
Q

what is rural diversification

A

farmers find alternative ways of making money with new businesses or other farm based activities

243
Q

give 3 examples of rural diversification

A

farm shops
accommodation
leisure activities

244
Q

give an example of a farm shop

A

stanhill farm in wilmington, kent

245
Q

give 2 environmental impacts of farm shops

A

land can still be farmed
more varieties of crop grown
with more environmentally friendly methods than monocultures for supermarkets

246
Q

give an example of accommodation in rural diversification

A

tanner farm park in kent gas turned ;and into large caravan and camping park

247
Q

give 2 environmental impacts of rural diversification

A

large caravan parks can be unsightly
more pressure on environment due to visitors due to increased use of water, energy and waste generated

248
Q

give an example of leisure activities for diversification

A

the Hop farm in Kent has an animal petting area, children’s rides and places to eat

249
Q

give 2 environmental impacts of leisure activities for diversifying farms

A

land is built on - car parks ]traffic increases = air pollution

250
Q

tourism creates new __opportunitie sin rural areas

A

economic

251
Q

give an example of tourism creating economic opportunities in rural areas

A

Leeds castle in kent - new facilities like maze and golf course are built over Greenfield land and increase congestion

252
Q
A

GCSE Geography Revision (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions