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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 3 - The CNS > Flashcards

Unit 3 - The CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Four subdivisions of brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brain stem
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2
Q

Four major regions of cerebrum

A
  • Gyri
  • Sulci
  • Fissures
  • Hemispheres
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3
Q

Define meninges

A

Protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Three types: Dura, arachnoid and pia mater

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4
Q

Dura mater

A
  • Tough outermost connective tissue

- 2 layers that form folds and sinuses in the brain

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5
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • middle spider web connective tissue covering

- subdural space is area between arachnoid and dura mater

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6
Q

Pia mater

A

Delicate inner protective tissue, clings tightly to brain

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7
Q

Define ventricles

A
  • Spaces in the brain that serve to decrease the weight of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid
  • 2 lateral, a third and fourth ventricle
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8
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Cerebral capillaries coated with ependymal cells

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9
Q

Blood brain barrier

A
  • prevents some substances in the blood from entering into the brain
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10
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • Colorless salty solution that provides protection to the CNS by providing a protective cushion
  • flows through ventricles
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11
Q

CSF Flow

A
  • Flows from lateral ventricles to third then fourth by way of central aqueduct
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12
Q

The cerebral cortex

A
  • outer layer of gray matter in cerebrum

- contains frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal and occipital lobe

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor skills (premotor and Broca’s area)

Speech, personality, cognition, reasoning, intellect

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch, pain, temperature, taste (gustatory), understanding of words and written words, dictionary of brain, (somatosensory)

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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Sense of hearing and contains some memories, sense of smell (olfactory areas)

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision and recognizing a persons face

17
Q

Associated with left hemisphere

A

Verbal memory, speech, right hand motor control, hearing vocal sounds, rational and symbolic, language, vision in right field

18
Q

Associated with right hemisphere

A
  • Memory of shapes
  • left hand motor control
  • hearing non vocal sounds (limited language memory on this side)
  • musical ability
  • intuitive
  • recognition of faces and spatial awareness
  • vision left field
19
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • white matter that connects areas of cerebral cortex
  • myelinated
  • connects right and left hemisphere
20
Q

Basal nuclei

A

The deep gray matter also in the cerebrum

Initiation, fluidity and termination of a movement

21
Q

Limbic system

A
  • collection of structures that sits inferior to the cerebral cortex
  • Emotional center, learning and memory
  • Visceral responses to emotions, motivation and mood (also smell reminding you of something else)
22
Q

The cerebellum

A
  • Balance and coordination
  • Integrates info from eyes, ears joints and muscles
  • contains “tree of life” made of gray matter
  • also involved in highly specialized movement
23
Q

Diencephalon

A

Links the Cerebrum to remainder of nervous and endocrine

Contains thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

24
Q

Define thalamus

A
  • connects cerebrum to rest of nervous system
  • relay station
  • 2 masses of gray matter in center of brain
25
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • maintains homeostasis
  • emotions, body temp, food and water intake and sleep/wake cycles
  • link to endocrine system
  • emotional response to memories
  • releases ADH and Oxytocin
26
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • aka pineal gland

- secretes melatonin, secreted during darkness during sleep and broken down in daylight

27
Q

The brain stem

A
  • involuntary control centers and connects the rest if the brain to the spinal cord
  • contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and reticular formation
28
Q

Midbrain

A
  • helps info pass between the cerebrum and spinal cord

- visual and auditory reflexes

29
Q

Pons

A

Brain stem

- rate and depth of breathing (along with medulla oblongata)

30
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Brain stem
- decussation of the pyramids: motor fibers the originate un cns criss to the opposite side of brain (why left controls right)

  • respiratory, sneezing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting
31
Q

Reticular formation

A

Maintains consciousness and concentration

- regulates blood pressure, touch, sight and sound

32
Q

Cerebrum

A

Conscious brain, intellect and cognition

33
Q

Gray matter

A
  • Inner layer of spinal cord
  • unmyelinated
  • brings sensory info to dorsal root
  • control smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
34
Q

White matter

A
  • outer part of spinal cord
  • ascending carries sensory and descending carries motor info
  • carries info from thalamus to cerebral cortex
  • myelinated axons
35
Q

Central canal is

A

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

Posterior dorsal root

A

Sensory nerves entering spinal cord

37
Q

Anterior ventral root

A

Motor nerves exiting spinal cord

38
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Bulge in dorsal root, contains cell bodies of neurons

39
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Formed by the union of anterior and posterior roots, mixed nerves

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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