Unit 1 - Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the integumentary system?
Made up of skin and its derivatives (sweat, oil glands, skin and nails)
Body’s largest organ
What are the five parts of the integumentary system
Protection Water regulation Vitamin D synthesis Sensory organ Body temperature regulation
3 layers of the skin
Epidermis and dermis
Also the hypodermis (deep to the skin)
Define epidermis
The outermost layer of skin comprised of epithelial cells
Protective shield and is a vascular
Define dermis
Deep to the epidermis
Composed of fibrous connective tissue and is well vascularized
Blood vessels and many other structures here
Define hypodermis
Deep to the dermis
Also called subcutaneous layer
Adipose and some areolar or loose connective tissue
Blood vessels and sensory nerves are located here
Define Keratinocytes
Cell of epidermis
- Makes keratin a water proofing protective layer
- epidermis continually flakes off and is replaced
Define Melanocytes
Cell of epidermis
- Epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment called melanin
- These cells are found in the Stratum Basale
- The more melanin and type determines color
Five layers of Epidermis from deepest to most superficial
Stratum Basale Spinosum Granulosum Lucidum Corneum
BSGLC
Stratum Basale
Deepest layer
Regenerates the skin
Stratum spinosum
Layer of prickly cells
Stratum granulosum
Grainy cell layer filled with keratin granules
Keratin is for strength and waterproofing
Stratum lucidum
Clear cell layer only present in thick skin found on palms and soles of feet
Stratum corneum
Horny layer composed if squamous dead cells
Soft keratin that makes skin elastic
Protects against ultraviolet light and abrasion
Cutaneous blood vessels
Deliver oxygen snd nutrients to tissues while transporting carbon dioxide and wastes from tissues
Four parts of hypodermis
Cutaneous blood vessels
Sensory nerves
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue
Hair root
Below the skin surface
Shaft of hair
Part visible above the surface of the skin
Hair follicle
Extends from the epidermal Into the dermis
Hair grows out of fillicle
Hair bulbs
Actively produces the hair
Root hair plexus
Sensory nerve endings (touch sensitive)
Dermal papilla of hair
Blood vessels provide nutrients needed to produce hair
Arrector pili muscle of hair
Bundle of smooth muscle cells
Produces goose bumps
Six parts of nail
Free edge Body Root Lateral nail fold Lunula Cuticle
Free edge of nail
Formed from stratum lucidum and hangs over finger tip
Body of nail
Visible part of nail
Root of nail
Base from which the nail grows
Lateral nail fold
Extension of the skin to protect matrix on either side of nail
Lunula of nail
Whitish half moon shaped portion
Germinal epithelium makes this part thicker
Cuticle of nail
Protects nail and root
Formed from stratum corneum
Sweat glands
Two types:
Eccrine: simple, coiled, tubular glands
Apocrine: Ducts from these glands open into hair follicles
Modified sweat gland
Ceruminous glands
Cleans ear canal (wax)
Sebaceous glands
Oil glands (sebum)
Mammary glands
On the breasts
Creates milk
Mucous Membrane
Lines respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems
Goblet cells embedded in membrane secrete mucus
Serous membrane
Double layered membrane covering the organs and mining the walls of the ventral cavity
Reduces friction between organs
Pericardium, peritoneum and pleura
Synovial membranes
Line freely moveable diarthrotic joints of the extremities
Reduces friction between bones
Cutaneous membrane
This is the skin
Basal cell carcinoma
Smooth surface with ulceration in the center
Most frequent kind of skin cancer
Grows slowly
Small white pink lesions
Squamous cell carcinoma
Nodular and keratinized tumor
Second most common form of skin cancer
From high exposure to sunlight
Moderate rate growth
Malignant melanoma
Grows quickly
Most serious form of skin cancer
Heavy doses of UV radiation
ABCD rule for skin cancer signs and severity
Asymmetrical
Border
Color
Diameter
First degree burns
Superficial burn that causes redness swelling but no blisters (epidermis)
Second degree burn
Partial thickness
Damage to epidermis and part of dermal layer
With blisters also
Third degree burn
Full thickness
Destruction of both layers of skin
Sensory receptors have been destroyed
Extensive scarring
When are burns considered critical?
25% of body has second degree burns
Or 10% has third degree burns
Acne vulgaris
Acne
Oily skin in adolescence can cause this
Alopecia
Hair loss
Can cause baldness
Cellulitis
Hot painful and red
Usually cause from spreading bacteria
Comedos
Blackheads
Excess sebum and keratin
Dermatitis
Allergy related
Some redness lesions and thick sections
Eczema
Chronic skin disorder similar to dermatitis
Folliculitis
Fungal and viral infection
Very itchy
Lentigos
Pigmented spots
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder
Excess epidernal cells
Rosacea
Chronic skin condition involving redness of the face
