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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 1 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Made up of skin and its derivatives (sweat, oil glands, skin and nails)

Body’s largest organ

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2
Q

What are the five parts of the integumentary system

A 
Protection
Water regulation 
Vitamin D synthesis 
Sensory organ
Body temperature regulation
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3
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

Also the hypodermis (deep to the skin)

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4
Q

Define epidermis

A

The outermost layer of skin comprised of epithelial cells

Protective shield and is a vascular

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5
Q

Define dermis

A

Deep to the epidermis
Composed of fibrous connective tissue and is well vascularized
Blood vessels and many other structures here

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6
Q

Define hypodermis

A

Deep to the dermis
Also called subcutaneous layer
Adipose and some areolar or loose connective tissue
Blood vessels and sensory nerves are located here

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7
Q

Define Keratinocytes

A

Cell of epidermis

  • Makes keratin a water proofing protective layer
  • epidermis continually flakes off and is replaced
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8
Q

Define Melanocytes

A

Cell of epidermis

  • Epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment called melanin
  • These cells are found in the Stratum Basale
  • The more melanin and type determines color
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9
Q

Five layers of Epidermis from deepest to most superficial

A 
Stratum Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum

BSGLC

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10
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Deepest layer

Regenerates the skin

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Layer of prickly cells

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12
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Grainy cell layer filled with keratin granules

Keratin is for strength and waterproofing

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13
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear cell layer only present in thick skin found on palms and soles of feet

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14
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Horny layer composed if squamous dead cells
Soft keratin that makes skin elastic
Protects against ultraviolet light and abrasion

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15
Q

Cutaneous blood vessels

A

Deliver oxygen snd nutrients to tissues while transporting carbon dioxide and wastes from tissues

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16
Q

Four parts of hypodermis

A

Cutaneous blood vessels
Sensory nerves
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue

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17
Q

Hair root

A

Below the skin surface

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18
Q

Shaft of hair

A

Part visible above the surface of the skin

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19
Q

Hair follicle

A

Extends from the epidermal Into the dermis

Hair grows out of fillicle

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20
Q

Hair bulbs

A

Actively produces the hair

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21
Q

Root hair plexus

A

Sensory nerve endings (touch sensitive)

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22
Q

Dermal papilla of hair

A

Blood vessels provide nutrients needed to produce hair

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23
Q

Arrector pili muscle of hair

A

Bundle of smooth muscle cells

Produces goose bumps

24
Q

Six parts of nail

A 
Free edge
Body
Root
Lateral nail fold
Lunula
Cuticle
25
Q

Free edge of nail

A

Formed from stratum lucidum and hangs over finger tip

26
Q

Body of nail

A

Visible part of nail

27
Q

Root of nail

A

Base from which the nail grows

28
Q

Lateral nail fold

A

Extension of the skin to protect matrix on either side of nail

29
Q

Lunula of nail

A

Whitish half moon shaped portion

Germinal epithelium makes this part thicker

30
Q

Cuticle of nail

A

Protects nail and root

Formed from stratum corneum

31
Q

Sweat glands

A

Two types:

Eccrine: simple, coiled, tubular glands

Apocrine: Ducts from these glands open into hair follicles

32
Q

Modified sweat gland

A

Ceruminous glands

Cleans ear canal (wax)

33
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands (sebum)

34
Q

Mammary glands

A

On the breasts

Creates milk

35
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Lines respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems

Goblet cells embedded in membrane secrete mucus

36
Q

Serous membrane

A

Double layered membrane covering the organs and mining the walls of the ventral cavity

Reduces friction between organs

Pericardium, peritoneum and pleura

37
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Line freely moveable diarthrotic joints of the extremities

Reduces friction between bones

38
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

This is the skin

39
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Smooth surface with ulceration in the center
Most frequent kind of skin cancer
Grows slowly

Small white pink lesions

40
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Nodular and keratinized tumor
Second most common form of skin cancer
From high exposure to sunlight

Moderate rate growth

41
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Grows quickly

Most serious form of skin cancer

Heavy doses of UV radiation

42
Q

ABCD rule for skin cancer signs and severity

A

Asymmetrical
Border
Color
Diameter

43
Q

First degree burns

A

Superficial burn that causes redness swelling but no blisters (epidermis)

44
Q

Second degree burn

A

Partial thickness
Damage to epidermis and part of dermal layer

With blisters also

45
Q

Third degree burn

A

Full thickness

Destruction of both layers of skin
Sensory receptors have been destroyed
Extensive scarring

46
Q

When are burns considered critical?

A

25% of body has second degree burns

Or 10% has third degree burns

47
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Acne

Oily skin in adolescence can cause this

48
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

Can cause baldness

49
Q

Cellulitis

A

Hot painful and red

Usually cause from spreading bacteria

50
Q

Comedos

A

Blackheads

Excess sebum and keratin

51
Q

Dermatitis

A

Allergy related

Some redness lesions and thick sections

52
Q

Eczema

A

Chronic skin disorder similar to dermatitis

53
Q

Folliculitis

A

Fungal and viral infection

Very itchy

54
Q

Lentigos

A

Pigmented spots

55
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder

Excess epidernal cells

56
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic skin condition involving redness of the face

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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