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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

Ex: The heart is anterior to the spine

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2
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

Spine is posterior to the heart

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3
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head - Along the vertical axis

The eyes are superior to the nose

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head

The nose is inferior to the eyes

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5
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline - along the horizontal axis

Nose is medial to the ear

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline on the horizontal axis (towards the sides)

The ear is lateral to the nose

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the origin or attachment

The elbow is proximal to the wrist

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the origin/attachment

The wrist is distal to the elbow

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9
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface

The skin is superficial to the muscle

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10
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

Muscles are deep to the skin

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11
Q

Dorsum

A

The back of any body part Protruding anteriorly from the body (back of hand)

Protruding body parts: Hands, tongue, feet, penis

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12
Q

Palmar

A

Anterior surface of the hand

Handprints and fingerprints on the palmar surface

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13
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot (inferior surface)

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14
Q

Bilateral

A

Both right and left sides of the body

Pair - Kidneys, eyes, ears etc.

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15
Q

Unilateral

A

Only one side

Spleen, gallbladder, appendix…

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16
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Found on the same side of the body

Right lung and kidney
Left hand and left foot

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17
Q

Contralateral

A

Found on opposite sides

Ex: Left hand and right foot

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18
Q

What percentage of the body is water?

A

70%

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19
Q

Intracellular

A

Fluid within a cell bounded by cell membrane

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20
Q

Extracellular

A

Fluid outside the cell membrane

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21
Q

Two sub-compartments of extracellular fluid

A

Interstitial fluid - between cells (outside the membrane and blood vessel wall)

Blood plasma - Within blood vessels (within the bloodstream contained within the walls of the blood vessels)

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22
Q

Cut on the frontal plan (coronal)

A

Split by anterior and posterior (front and back of body)

Ex: x-rays of the chest

23
Q

Cut on the Sagittal plane

Median

A

Two halves (left and right)

Median means two equal halves

Ex: Radiograph

24
Q

Cut on the Horizontal or transverse plane

A

Divided from top to bottom or cross section (superior and inferior sections)

Ex: CAT Scan of the head

25
Q

Words used interchangeably with Anterior and Posterior

A

Ventral and Dorsal

26
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

Also called Dorsal Cavity - Back of body

Contains two divisions (cranial and vertebral)

27
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Part of larger Dorsal or Posterior cavity

Brain/Skull

28
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Part of larger Dorsal/Posterior cavity

Spinal Chord/Vertebral bones

29
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Towards the front of the body

Contains Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

30
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Chest (superior to diaphragm)

  1. Left pleural
  2. Mediastinal
  3. Right pleural
31
Q

Left Pleural Cavity

A

In thoracic cavity

Left Lung

32
Q

Mediastinal Cavity

A

Within the thoracic cavity

Contains esophagus, trachea and large vessels

Also contains Pericardial Cavity (heart)

33
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Within the Mediastinal cavity that is within the thoracic cavity that is within the Ventral Cavity

Contains the Heart

34
Q

Right pleural cavity

A

Contains right lung

35
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Upper body (inferior to the diaphragm)

Contains abdominal and pelvic cavity

36
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains organs in the belly (stomach, spleen, pancreas and intestines)

Can be divided into four quadrants (drawn opposite on diagram for easier reference to body)

37
Q

Right upper quadrant of abdominal cavity

A

Contains liver, pancreas and gallbladder

38
Q

Left upper quadrant of abdominal cavity

A

Contains stomach, spleen and part of pancreas

39
Q

Contained in both upper quadrants of abdominal cavity

40
Q

Right lower quadrant of abdominal cavity

A

Contains cecum, appendix, part of intestine and ascending colon

41
Q

The left lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity

A

Contains the descending & sigmoid colon and distal large intestine

42
Q

Contained in all four quadrants of abdominal cavity

A

Small and large intestines

Large intestines surround the small intestines like a picture frame

43
Q

Pelvic cavity inside abdominal cavity

A

Reproductive, urinary (not kidneys though) and terminal digestive tract below abdominal cavity

Also, sigmund colon, rectum, anus, bladder snd uretha

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

Normal function
Equilibrium or balance

Involves organs and nervous system and endocrine system

45
Q

Negative feedback in physiology

A

Control mechanism

Decreases or shuts off stimulus (to get back to homeostasis)

Ex: Temperature regulation

46
Q

Sensory Receptor

A

Monitors internal environment and responds to changes

Detects stimulus : change in external environment causing internal changes

47
Q

Control Center

A

Analyzes the information received snd determines a response

Get to a normal set point

48
Q

Effector

A

Provides means for regulatory center’s response

Pathway relays messages from the regulatory center to the effector

49
Q

Positive feedback

A

Accelerate a stimulus

Keeps moving away from normal

50
Q

What is the mechanism of homeostasis?

A

Negative feedback (moves things back to normal)

51
Q

What does the control center contain?

A

Contains the set point for the variable

52
Q

What does the receptor do?

A

Detects the variable

53
Q

What does the effector do?

A

Responds to bring the variable back to homeostatic levels

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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