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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 2 - Muscular System > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of muscular system

A 
Support
Stabilization
Protection
Movement 
Regulate body temp
Contraction assists in movement within the lymphatic system
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2
Q

What are muscles made up of?

A

Cells called Fibers

Tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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4
Q

What is myglobin

A

Stores oxygen in muscle fiber cells

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5
Q

What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Stores Ca++

Stored in the terminal cisternae

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6
Q

Myofibrils

A

Protein fibers within muscle cell

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7
Q

Sarcomere

A

Repeating structural and functional unit

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8
Q

Actin

A

Thin protein filament composing I band
Contains tropomyosin and troponin
Calcium binds to troponin and causes troponin to change shape

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9
Q

Myosin

A

Thick protein filament composing A band

Forms cross bridges

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10
Q

What is the sarcomere made up of?

A

Alternating light and dark bands called I and A bands

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11
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Muscles get shorter and pull on bone

H zone disappears when contracted

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12
Q

Describe contraction

A
  • Action potential gets to axonal terminal
  • Ca++ enters axonal
  • Causes release of acetylcholine
  • then binds to receptors
  • Na+ channels open
  • Action occurs on sarcolemma muscle
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13
Q

Twitch

A

Single stimulus and contraction

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14
Q

Summation

A

Increased muscle tension due to increased stimulus frequency

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15
Q

Recruitment

A

Increased muscle tension due to increased number of motor units

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16
Q

Tetanus

A

Maximum muscle tension due to large stimulation

Sustained contraction

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17
Q

Lag phase

A

Occurs just after the action potential reaches sarcolemma

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18
Q

Contraction phase

A

Occurs when the actin and myosin bind and the sarcomere shortens and pulls the Z discs toward the M line

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19
Q

Relaxation phase

A

The actin and myosin complex releases and the calcium is actively transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Isometric contractions

A

The length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during contraction

Think holding a position under tension

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21
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Length and tension during contraction does not change

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22
Q

Concentric phase

A

Tension increases as the muscle shortens

Bicep curl

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23
Q

Eccentric phase

A

Maintain tension but muscle lengthens

Lowering ten pound dumbbell

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24
Q

Type I muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch - more myoglobin

Oxidative/aerobic respiration

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25
Q

Type IIa muscle fibers

A

Fast twitch
Both aerobic and anaerobic
Mostly in lower limbs

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26
Q

Type IIb muscle fibers

A

Fast twitch - Respond quickly to stimulus
Mostly in upper limbs
Anaerobic

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27
Q

ATP

A

Cells form of energy and is needed for contraction to energize the cross bridges

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28
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Can give a phosphate group to ADP to creat ATP

Cab only do it for a few secs at a time

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29
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Make ATP using oxygen

In mitochondria and yields 36 ATP per molecule of glucose

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30
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Can make ATP quickly but is inefficient

Used during a 50 meter dash

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31
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Occurs during anaerobic metabolism

Need oxygen to oxidize lactic acid build up

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32
Q

Muscle fatigue

A

Eventually muscle cells run out of ATP
No sources of stored oxygen
Muscle returns to relaxed configuration

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33
Q

Muscles never….

A

Push they pull

34
Q

Muscles are attached to bone via…

35
Q

Origin

A

Muscle attachment vis tendon to a relatively immovable body part

36
Q

Insertion

A

Muscle attachment via tendon to a relatively moveable body part

37
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover

Provide major force to move body part

38
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposite direction of prime mover

39
Q

Synergists

A

Assists prime mover

40
Q

Fixators

A

Keeps origin stationary

41
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Covers forehead

Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

42
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Circular muscle around the mouth

Pursing of lips and kissing

43
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Circular muscle around each eye

Squinting snd blinking

44
Q

Zygomaticus

A

Cheek to corners of mouth

Smiling

45
Q

Platysma

A

from deltoid and pectoralis major and inserts in the skin
Tenses skin of neck and depresses the mandible

Under jaw near neck (double chin area)

46
Q

Buccinator

A

Originates at the mandible and maxilla and inserts at the orbicularis oris

Sucking and flattening of cheeks

47
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates the mandible

48
Q

Temporalis

A

Fan shaped muscle originating from the lateral skull

Helps retract jaw and keep mouth closed during rest

49
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

V shaped muscle originating from sternum behind ear

Moves/flexes head side to side and rotates it

50
Q

Muscles that help with swallowing and speech

A

Suprahyoid muscles depresses mandible

Infrahyoid muscles- Elevate larynx during swallowing

51
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Fab shaped muscle covering the upper and anterior thorax

Climbing throwing pushing

52
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Originates on the third to fifth rib

Elevates ribs

53
Q

External intercostals

A

Inferior margin of each rib and insert into the superior border of the next rib below

54
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Superior margin of each rib and inserts on the inferior birder of the next rub
Used during forced expiration

55
Q

Serrates anterior

A

On the first 8-9 ribs and attaches to medial border of scapula

56
Q

Linea alba

A

Whiteboine of connective tissue that runs in a sagittal plane in center of rectus abdominis

57
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Transects rectus abdominis at 3 or more locations

Six pack

58
Q

Muscles part of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

All in the back shoulder area

59
Q

Spinalis

A

Extends the neck

60
Q

Flexes the trunk

A

Rectus abdominis

61
Q

Elevates the mandible for chewing

62
Q

Coracobrachalis

A

Adducts the arm and flexes the shoulder

63
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexes elbow

64
Q

Deltoid

A

Abducts and rotates the upper arm

65
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Flexes forearm

66
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends forearm

67
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm and hand

68
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexes and abducts wrist

69
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Works to flex the wrist

70
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts the wrist

71
Q

Extensor carpi radialis

A

Extends and abducts wrist

72
Q

Extensor digitorium

A

Extends fingers snd wrists

73
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts wrist

74
Q

Flexor vs Extensir

A

Flexor - anterior surface of wrist

Extensor- posterior surface of the wrist

75
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Extends lower leg at the knee

76
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Lateral muscle of the posterior thigh

Flexes lower leg

77
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A
  • Genetic defect
  • Includes duchennes and myotonic
  • Curve in spine and belly sticks out
  • Muscles lose function
78
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Generalized pain from muscles associated with connective tissues
Fatigue, headache and lack of sleep

79
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness

Muscle and facial expressions are effected

80
Q

Torticollis

A

Weyneck

Twisting of neck to one side

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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