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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 1 - Tissues > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic level

A

Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still maintains the property

Ex: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

Molecular level

A

Atoms combine to form molecules that have a separate property

Ex: Water, DNA and carbohydrates

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3
Q

Cellular level

A

Smallest unit of life, perform specific functions

Ex: Muscle cell, skin cell and neuron

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4
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups if cells with similar functions

Ex: Muscle, epithelial and connective

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5
Q

Organ level

A

Two or more types of tissues that work together to complete a specific task

Ex: Heart, liver, stomach

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6
Q

Organ system level

A

Group of organs that carries out mire generalized functions

Ex: Digestive system, circulatory system

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7
Q

Organism level

A

Has several organ systems that function together

Ex: Human

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8
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of similar cells

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9
Q

Four types of tissues

A

Epithelium: covering or lining
Muscle: support
Connective: movement
Nervous: control

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10
Q

Epithelial tissues

A
  • Covers the body surface and lines inner body cavities
  • Protection, absorption, filtration and secretion
  • Avascular, highly regenerative
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11
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Binds organs together, support and protection
  • most abundant tissue type
  • Cells are separated by non-cellular matrix and fibers
  • produces blood cells
  • Stores fat
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12
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Skeletal- cylindrical , helps us move

Cardiac- In the heart

Smooth- No striations - involuntarily contractions

Produces body heat

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13
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Neurons and supporting cells

Stimulates muscles to move, glands to secrete snd carries impulses to and from organ systems

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14
Q

Epithelial terms that refer to number of cels

A

Simple- Single layer of cells and do filtration and absorption
Stratified- Two or more cell layers for protection
Pseudo stratified- Looks like there are many cell layers but it is really only one layer that vary in height

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15
Q

Epithelial terms that refer to shape

A

Squamous- Flat or shingle like
Cuboidal- cube shaped
Columnar- rectangular

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16
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer flat cells

alveoli of lungs, lining blood vessels. Functions in diffusion and secretes serous fluid

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17
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Single layer cubed shape

  • Lining of kidney tubules and in some glands
  • Absorption, secretion and mucus production
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18
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Single layer and rectangular

  • lining of GI tract
  • absorption and secretion and mucus production
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19
Q

Pseudo stratified Columnar

A

Single layer and cells that vary in height

  • lining of respiratory tract
  • Secrete and propel mucus. It has cilia
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20
Q

Stratified Squamous - Nonkeratinized and keratinized)

A

Keratinized - Many layers of flat cells. Epidermis of skin cells

Nonkeratinized- Many layers of flat cells, found in moist lining of mouth, esophagus and vagina

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21
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Two layers if cube shaped cells, in ducts of sweat glands

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22
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Several layers of rectangular shaped cells, in some areas of male urethra

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23
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Type of epithelium
Many layers and vary in appearance
Lining of urethra and urinary bladder

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24
Q

Common origin of connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme in the embryo and has few cells

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25
Q

Describe epithelial tissue

A

Very cellular

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26
Q

Describe extracellular matrix

A

Consists of fibers and a fluid or gel

Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse between the cells

Fibers include collagen, elastic fibers and reticular fibers

27
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Loose arrangement of fibers and cells in a large amount of ground substance

Epithelial tissue and between muscles and under the skin

28
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Loose network of reticular fibers and cells

Found in the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus and bone marrow

Forms supportive framework (stroma)

29
Q

Adipose tissue

A 
In hypodermis
Fat tissue
Contains adipocytes, full of fat
Very cellular
Found in subcutaneous tissue in breasts, around kidneys and behind the eyes
30
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Made up mainly of fibers

31
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

Made of collagen fibers, densely packed and run parallel to each other
Cells are fibroblasts
Ex: Tendons and ligaments

32
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Made up of collagen fibers that are densely pack but randomly arranged
Withstand stress

Ex: Dermis of skin and capsules around organs

33
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Made of elastic fibers plus some collagen fibers
Strength and flexibility

Ex: Aorta and ligaments between vertebrae

34
Q

Cartilage

A

Firm matrix and is tough and flexible
Does nit have nerves or blood vessels
Cells are chondrocytes and they sit in cavities called lacuna

35
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Collagen fibers
Bluish white
Found at the end of long bones, tip of the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and in the embryonic skeleton

36
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Collagen and elastic fibers
Found where you need strength and stretch
Ex: External ear and epiglottis

37
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Strongest cartilage
Resists compression and absorbs stress
Found in pubic symphysis, meniscus of the knee snd intervertebral discs

38
Q

Bone (Osseous Tissue)

A

Contains hard matrix (collagen fibers and Ca++)
Cells are osteoblasts and osteocytes
It is very well vascularized

39
Q

Blood (Vascular tissue)

A

The matrix is the plasma of the blood and it contains fibers which are clotting proteins
Cells are called formed elements
Functions in transport (of red and white blood cells)

40
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

41
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

42
Q

Muscle tissue - Skeletal Muscles

A

Voluntary control muscle
Striated
Attached by tendons to bone
Cells are long and cylandrical

Ex: gluteus Maximus, biceps brachii and deltoid

43
Q

Smooth (visceral) muscle

A

Involuntary action muscle
Does not have striations
Found in walls of digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts, blood vessels, the uterus and other organs
Contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle
Cells are long and tapered

44
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Found in the walls of the hearts
Striations but is involuntary
Cells are branched and join each other at intercalated disks

45
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Found in the brain and spinal cord and the nerves

46
Q

Cell types in the nervous tissue

A

Contains cells called neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (supporting cells)
Cell body, called axon and dendrites
The axons extend away from the cell body and transmit the nerve message

47
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Functions in communication and control

48
Q

Stratum basale layer

A

Deepest layer if the five layers if the epidermis

49
Q

Stratum corneum layer

A

Primary barrier from outside environment (near the surface)

50
Q

Dermis layer

A

Thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis

Has all blood capillaries, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles…

51
Q

Epidermis layer

A

Surface epithelium of skin, overlying the dermis

52
Q

Papillary layer of skin

A

Superficial layer if dermis on the inner surface of the epidermis

53
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle in skin

A

In papillary layer

A sensory nerve ending that is sensitive to mechanical stimuli (in the dermis)

Soft touch (feather)

54
Q

Free nerve ending in skin

A

Bare nerve ending that sends signals to sensory neurons

55
Q

Reticular layer in skin

A

Thick bottom layer of dermis

Collagen fibers give strength and resilience to skin

56
Q

Pacinian corpuscle of skin

A

In reticular layer

Encapsulated ending of a sensory nerve that acts as a receptor for pressure and vibration

Deep or hard pressure

57
Q

Sebaceous gland in skin

A

Small gland that secretes lubricating oily matter into hair follicles

58
Q

Sweat gland

A

Secretes sweat, in the dermis of skin, simple coiled tubular structure

59
Q

Sweat duct in skin

A

Stimulated by high temperatures. Sweat builds up and ruptures duct and pushed out if epidermis

60
Q

Sweat pore in skin

A

Where sweat pushes out of after sweat duct builds pressure and ruptures

61
Q

Name parts of hair

A 
Root
Shaft
Hair follicle
Hair bulb
Hair papilla
Arrector pili muscle (helps generate heat)
62
Q

Hypodermis layer

A

Not part of skin
Subcutaneous layer of integument

Connects skin to underlying fibrous tissue of the bones snd muscles

63
Q

Bare nerve endings

A

Located in papillary layer

Pain receptors

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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