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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 1 - Cell Transport > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cell Transport Flashcards

1
Q

How does sweat get out of the sweat secreting cell?

A

This is an example of transport

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2
Q

Passive cell

A

No cellular energy required

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3
Q

Active cell

A

Cellular energy is required

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4
Q

Diffusion

A

Small, non-polar uncharged substances. Moves from high concentration to low concentration

Decreases molecular size and polarity increases rate of transport

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5
Q

Where do molecules always flow?

A

Down a concentration gradient

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6
Q

Describe molecules in high concentration

A

There are more molecules disbursed throughout liquid

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7
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Moves from high concentration to low concentration but using a channel/carrier protein

Increased number of channel/carrier proteins increases rate of transport

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8
Q

If molecules are too large to transport across a cell membrane, what do you need?

A

A channel or carrier protein allowing the molecules to move from an area of high to low concentration

Example: Glucose molecule and glucose channels

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9
Q

What is glucose stored as?

A

A large complex molecule called glycogen

Always in cells at low concentrations and in the blood at high concentrations

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10
Q

What two tissues is glucose in?

A

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

They are closed here and open in other tissues

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11
Q

What triggers the opening of a glucose molecule inside skeletal muscles and adipose tissues?

A

The hormone insulin

Secreted by the Islets if Langerhans in the pancreas

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12
Q

What is the insulin process in the pancreas an example of?

A

Negative feedback mechanism of homeostasis

Lowering levels to return to normal

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13
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of substances down a pressure gradient

How waste products are removed from the blood in the kidneys

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Unassisted diffusion if water through membrane pores

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15
Q

The higher the concentration in a compartment…

A

The lower the water concentration in the same compartment

The water moving generates a force called osmotic pressure

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16
Q

Particle concentration

A

The amount of solute of dissolved substances un s particular compartment

17
Q

Molarity

A

Standard measurement if substrate concentration in s water filled fluid compartment

Aka Moles per liter

18
Q

Osmolarity

A

Number of particles per liter

19
Q

Calculation for osmolarity

A

Molarity Times the number of particles to which a solute dissociates in water

20
Q

Describe a water concentration

A

Water concentration is inversely proportional to solute concentration- if one’s high the other is lower

NH4CI turns to NH4+ and CI- in water

21
Q

Concentrated solutions have…

A

Less water and higher osmolarity

22
Q

Diluted solutions have…

A

Lower osmolarity and more water

23
Q

ECF

A

In the body the solution is the extracellular fluid (ECF) outside all cells

24
Q

ICF

A

Homeostasis of the ECF tonicity is important to match the osmolarity of the intracellular fluid (ICF)

25
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

The tonicity of the ECF snd ICF is equal

There is no net movement of water vis osmosis across the cell membrane

Ex: Saline solution (intravenously has no interruption of homeostasis

26
Q

Tonicity

A

Osmolarity of non penetrating solute

27
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

The tonicity of the ECF is greater than the tonicity of the ICF

Less water concentration in ECF

This would cause osmosis of water out if cells

Ex: Salt Water

28
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

The tonicity of the ECF is less than the tonicity of the ICF

water concentration in the ECF is greater

Osmosis of water into cells possibly causing them to burst

Ex: Pure Water

29
Q

Active transport

A

Can move substances from an area of low to high concentration; up/against a concentration gradient; energy ATP requirement

30
Q

Facilitated Active Transport

A

Via a pump/carrier protein

From low concentration to higher

Ex: Sodium-potassium pump

31
Q

Bulk Transport

A

Large cells

The movement of molecules into and out of the cell that are too large for any other mechanism, requiring cellular energy expenditure

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

The process where substances are moved from the cell interior to the extracellular space

33
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane sac

They migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and then rupture, spilling their contents into the extracellular fluid

34
Q

Endocytosis

A

Into cell

Two types: Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

35
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

Large undissolved materials are engulfed by the plasma membrane forming a phagosome

36
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

Dissolved particles within extracellular fluid are surrounded by the plasma membrane

37
Q

If a red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration than what is inside the cell, what happens to the cell?

A

Osmosis of the water out if the cell (crenate)

38
Q

Osmolarity of hypotonic

A

Less than .30

39
Q

Osmolarity of hypertonic

A

Greater than .30

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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