Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 3 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses

Aka a nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Astrocytes

A

Specialized glial cells that outnumber neurons by over fivefold

Many essential complex functions in healthy central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Simple cuboidal cells that line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microglia

A

Macrophages that are found in the cns.

They remove damaged neurons and infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

glial cell similar to astrocytes but with fewer protuberances. Produces myelin in the cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Schwann cells

A

Glial cells that wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two parts of CNS

A

Neurons or nerve cells and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three parts of the neuron

A

Dendrites
Cel body
axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the supporting cells of the CNS and PNS called?

A

Neuroglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The only neuroglial cell found outside the CNS

A

Aka in the PNS

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What structure of a neuron is covered in myelin to increase speed of nerve impulse transmission?

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Axon

A

Long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted

Some are mylinated and some are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dendrites

A

Short branched extension of a nerve cell

Impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell body

A

Nucleus containing central prt of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Depolarization

A

Na+ entering axon and voltage changes from -70mV to +30mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repolarization

A

K+ leaving axon and voltage changes from +30 mV to -70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Local or continuous Conduction

A

Occurs in the axons that do not have myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Occurs in axons that do have myelin (faster than local)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 stages of action potential transmission

A
  1. Reaches axon
  2. Ca2+ channels open
  3. Ca2+ binds to sensor protein in cytoplasm
  4. Ca2+ stimulates fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitters
20
Q

Four regions of neuron

A

Receptive segment
Initial segment
Conductive segment
Transmissive segment

21
Q

What do neurotransmitters do?

A
  • they are Chemicals found in axon terminal
  • removed from synaptic cleft by reuptake or by enzymatic breakdown
  • carry the nerve message on postsynaptic neuron
22
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • Major excitatory or depolarizing neurotransmitter in the PNS
  • can be excitatory or inhibitory
  • Parasympathetic
23
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • Can either be excitatory or inhibitory (sympathetic stimulation)
  • in PNS
  • fight or flight
24
Q

Serotonin

A
  • Inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
  • Sleep, anxiety, mood and thermoregulation
  • Too low in those with depression
25
Q

Dopamine

A
  • excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS basal gaglia area of brain
  • initiation and termination of voluntary motor movements
  • low levels cause Parkinson’s
26
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

Inhibitory in CNS, controls localized motor sensory and cognitive functions

27
Q

Glycine

A

Inhibitory amino acid in CNS to control localized motor functions

28
Q

Endorphins

A
  • inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS and PNS
  • down regulating pain
  • Runners high chemical
29
Q

Classification of neuron : Multipolar

A
  • in CNS and in motor neurons

- have many dendrites and one axon

30
Q

Neuron classification: Bipolar

A
  • Have one dendrite and one axon

- Found in photoreceptor layer of the retina of the eye and in nasal cavity

31
Q

Neuron classification: Unipolar

A
  • one process from the cell body that divides into 2 processes
  • seen in most sensory neurons
32
Q

Afferent

A

Conduct action potential in CNS (sensory)

33
Q

Interneuron

A

Once action potential reaches CNS, it is processed by interneurons within the CNS itself

34
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

- motor neurons will conduct action potentials away from the CNS

35
Q

Sensory input

A

Brain constantly receiving input from various sensory receptors throughout the body

These provide info back to the brain (from receptors to brain or spinal cord)

36
Q

Integration

A

The brain and spinal cord integrates the info it receives from sensory input and determines what type of output or info it will send to muscles glands or organs

(Occurs in brain)

37
Q

Motor output

A

After integration, brain sends motor info to the muscles glands or organs

38
Q

A. CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

  • brain: Cerebrum, diencephalin, cerebellum and brain stem
  • Spinal cord: Cylinder of nervous tissues that extends from the base of the brain down the vertebral cavity
39
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system
Brings info to and from the cns
- Contains sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) components of pns

40
Q

Function and two parts of Sensory (afferent) Nervous system

A
  • take info from sensory receptors to the CNS
  • Somatic: Signals from the skin, muscles, joints and special systems (closer to surface)
  • Visceral: Carry signals from body organs and are located mire deep in the body
41
Q

Function and two parts of Motor (efferent) nervous system

A
  • Carry info from CNS to their effectors
    Somatic: send signals to skeletal muscles (voluntary)
    Autonomic: Signals to smooth muscle, cardiac and glands, involuntary
42
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

In the autonomic nervous system apart of motor or efferent NS
Fight or flight (heart rate, respiratory and metabolism)

43
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

In the autonomic nervous system apart if motor or efferent NS
Rest and digest mode, salvation, urination and defecation/digestion

44
Q

Nerve

A

A nerve is made up of many axons of neurons wrapped up in connective tissue

  • nerves are in PNS
  • cell bodies are in CNS
45
Q

Cns tracts

A
  • bundles of axons found in the CNS

- axons have similar function and a common origin

46
Q

Cocaine produces what neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine and norepinephrine

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions