Unit 3 - Stress

Question 1

The___________ hypothesis states that a stressor of sufficient intensity and/or duration will induce adaptation of stress response systems.

Answer 1

cross-stressor adaptation

Question 2

___________ is thought to develop cross-stressor tolerance.

Answer 2

exercise training

Question 3

___________ causes a decreased magnitude of response to some familiar challenge and allows for effective interaction with minimized physiological response and greater physiological capacity.

Answer 3

habituation

Question 4

____________ causes an augmented response to a novel stressor and results in a larger release of stress hormones to deal with a new challenge

Answer 4

sensitization

Question 5

Exercise can be viewed as a familiar challenge and should influence the ____________ to ____________ stressors.

Answer 5

stress response, non-exercise

Question 6

How can we measure stress?

Answer 6

self-report, cardiovascular health, hormones

Question 7

_________ is the easiest form of measuring stress, but reliance does not help to uncover the physiological mechanisms underlying the stress response.

Answer 7

self-report

Question 8

_________ measures the degree to which situations in one’s life are viewed as stressful.

Answer 8

Perceived Stress Scale

Question 9

___________ measures, such as heart rate, blood pressure, HRV, total peripheral resistance, and pre-ejection period, can be used to measure stress.

Answer 9

cardiovascular

Question 10

____________ changes, such as the release of catecholamines and cortisol, can be used to measure stress.

Answer 10

hormonal

Question 11

Is more or less HRV (heart rate variability) better?

Answer 11

more (because more adaptive)

Question 12

___________ is a scientific discipline that tries to understand physiological function and how it is related to, and possibly explains, psychological phenomena.

Answer 12

psychophysiology

Question 13

Psychophysiology examines cognitive, emotional, and behavioral events through their ___________ as physiological processes and events.

Answer 13

manifestation

Question 14

Psychophysiology includes ___________ measures of many bodily systems, such as electrical activity in muscle, brain, and cardiovascular system and measures of the endocrine and immune function.

Answer 14

noninvasive measures

Question 15

___________ is instrumental in understanding the stress reponse.

Answer 15

psychophysiology

Question 16

Exercise-stress research on CV fitness lacks agreement as to whether exercise training has ____________ effects.

Answer 16

stress-buffering

Question 17

___________ reviews of CV fitness show that CV reactivity for aerobically fit individuals results in 15-25% less reactivity to stress.

Answer 17

early

Question 18

__________ reviews of CV fitness show little CV reactivity effect on reactivity to stress.

Answer 18

recent

Question 19

Reactivity can be __________ - change from a baseline value - or ____________ - absolute value, regardless of baseline value.

Answer 19

relative, absolute

Question 20

Aerobic fitness is seen as __________, meaning that lowering resting HR & lower HR during stress if cardio-protective

Answer 20

stress-buffering

Question 21

Fit individuals spend more time in __________ CV state.

Answer 21

stable

Question 22

Spalding et al. (2004) found that aerobic training conferred _________ effect.

Answer 22

stress-buffering

Question 23

King et al. (2002) found that there was a _________ reactivity to stress regarding caregiving in those who exercise.

Answer 23

smaller

Question 24

CV fitness can affect the HPA axis response by slowing it down or causing slower release of _________.

Answer 24

cortisol

Question 25

Higher PA and fitness levels are associated with attenuated ________ reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in about 60% of studies using it, indicated by lower increases in _________.

Answer 25

HPA, salivary cortisol

Question 26

Gerber et al.’s study suggests that ________ may be stress-buffering.

Answer 26

VPA (vigorous PA)

Question 27

Stress exposure can modify _________ function.

Answer 27

immune

Question 28

______ refers to a negative effect on immune function.

Answer 28

immunosuppression

Question 29

_________ refers to a positive effect on the immune system.

Answer 29

immunopotentiation

Question 30

Hamer & Steptoe (2007) found a negative relationship between fitness and _________ during stress.

Answer 30

inflammation

Question 31

Exaggerated CV reactivity to acute psychological stress is associated with increased developing _________.

Answer 31

CV disease

Question 32

Evidence suggests that fitness or exercise training may provide a more rapid ________ from the stressor once it is not longer present.

Answer 32

recovery

Question 33

Shorter duration of the stress response could have the effect of reducing the _________ and overall wear and tear on the body/brain.

Answer 33

allostatic load

Question 34

__________ framework explains how exercise not only reduces the immediate effects of stress, but also enhances the recovery from stressors.

Answer 34

psychophysiology

Question 35

According to ________, the psychophysiology framework states that intermittent, but _______, exposure to stressors results in: increased catecholamine capacity in the CNS, reduced resting catecholamines in periphery, greater catecholamine capacity & responsiveness, delayed/reduced basal level of HPA response.

Answer 35

Dienstbier, regular

Question 36

According to Dienstbier, physiological changes, as a response to intermittent, but regular, exposure to stressors, can lead to psychological __________ and __________ stability.

Answer 36

coping, emotional

Question 37

According to the ___________ model, physiological changes lead to adaptive performance in challenge/threat situations, enhancement of immune system function, and greater stress tolerance.

Answer 37

physiological toughness

Question 38

The ___________ is how we think of, perceive, or appraise stressors.

Answer 38

stress mindset

Question 39

The stress mindset shapes how we _______ a stressor as a challenge or opportunity to face the situation as threatening.

Answer 39

appraise

Question 40

resistance to blood flow offered by the systemic vasculature

Answer 40

total peripheral resistance (TPR)