Unit 3 - Stress Flashcards
The___________ hypothesis states that a stressor of sufficient intensity and/or duration will induce adaptation of stress response systems.
cross-stressor adaptation
___________ is thought to develop cross-stressor tolerance.
exercise training
___________ causes a decreased magnitude of response to some familiar challenge and allows for effective interaction with minimized physiological response and greater physiological capacity.
habituation
____________ causes an augmented response to a novel stressor and results in a larger release of stress hormones to deal with a new challenge
sensitization
Exercise can be viewed as a familiar challenge and should influence the ____________ to ____________ stressors.
stress response, non-exercise
How can we measure stress?
self-report, cardiovascular health, hormones
_________ is the easiest form of measuring stress, but reliance does not help to uncover the physiological mechanisms underlying the stress response.
self-report
_________ measures the degree to which situations in one’s life are viewed as stressful.
Perceived Stress Scale
___________ measures, such as heart rate, blood pressure, HRV, total peripheral resistance, and pre-ejection period, can be used to measure stress.
cardiovascular
____________ changes, such as the release of catecholamines and cortisol, can be used to measure stress.
hormonal
Is more or less HRV (heart rate variability) better?
more (because more adaptive)
___________ is a scientific discipline that tries to understand physiological function and how it is related to, and possibly explains, psychological phenomena.
psychophysiology
Psychophysiology examines cognitive, emotional, and behavioral events through their ___________ as physiological processes and events.
manifestation
Psychophysiology includes ___________ measures of many bodily systems, such as electrical activity in muscle, brain, and cardiovascular system and measures of the endocrine and immune function.
noninvasive measures
___________ is instrumental in understanding the stress reponse.
psychophysiology
Exercise-stress research on CV fitness lacks agreement as to whether exercise training has ____________ effects.
stress-buffering
___________ reviews of CV fitness show that CV reactivity for aerobically fit individuals results in 15-25% less reactivity to stress.
early
__________ reviews of CV fitness show little CV reactivity effect on reactivity to stress.
recent
Reactivity can be __________ - change from a baseline value - or ____________ - absolute value, regardless of baseline value.
relative, absolute
Aerobic fitness is seen as __________, meaning that lowering resting HR & lower HR during stress if cardio-protective
stress-buffering
Fit individuals spend more time in __________ CV state.
stable
Spalding et al. (2004) found that aerobic training conferred _________ effect.
stress-buffering
King et al. (2002) found that there was a _________ reactivity to stress regarding caregiving in those who exercise.
smaller
CV fitness can affect the HPA axis response by slowing it down or causing slower release of _________.
cortisol
Higher PA and fitness levels are associated with attenuated ________ reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in about 60% of studies using it, indicated by lower increases in _________.
HPA, salivary cortisol
Gerber et al.’s study suggests that ________ may be stress-buffering.
VPA (vigorous PA)
Stress exposure can modify _________ function.
immune
______ refers to a negative effect on immune function.
immunosuppression
_________ refers to a positive effect on the immune system.
immunopotentiation
Hamer & Steptoe (2007) found a negative relationship between fitness and _________ during stress.
inflammation
Exaggerated CV reactivity to acute psychological stress is associated with increased developing _________.
CV disease
Evidence suggests that fitness or exercise training may provide a more rapid ________ from the stressor once it is not longer present.
recovery
Shorter duration of the stress response could have the effect of reducing the _________ and overall wear and tear on the body/brain.
allostatic load
__________ framework explains how exercise not only reduces the immediate effects of stress, but also enhances the recovery from stressors.
psychophysiology
According to ________, the psychophysiology framework states that intermittent, but _______, exposure to stressors results in: increased catecholamine capacity in the CNS, reduced resting catecholamines in periphery, greater catecholamine capacity & responsiveness, delayed/reduced basal level of HPA response.
Dienstbier, regular
According to Dienstbier, physiological changes, as a response to intermittent, but regular, exposure to stressors, can lead to psychological __________ and __________ stability.
coping, emotional
According to the ___________ model, physiological changes lead to adaptive performance in challenge/threat situations, enhancement of immune system function, and greater stress tolerance.
physiological toughness
The ___________ is how we think of, perceive, or appraise stressors.
stress mindset
The stress mindset shapes how we _______ a stressor as a challenge or opportunity to face the situation as threatening.
appraise
resistance to blood flow offered by the systemic vasculature
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
