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HK 340 > Unit 2 - Social, Physical, & Policy Influences on Physical Activity and Behavior > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Social, Physical, & Policy Influences on Physical Activity and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics of environment may influence PA participation and exercise.

A

Built environment and natural environment

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2
Q

__________ environment includes physical form of communities and how land is used.

A

built

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3
Q

There is little known about features of __________ environment on PA behavior.

A

natural

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4
Q

The functional, structural and safety aspects of built environment influence the ________ to which environment can be used for PA.

A

extent

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5
Q

What are the features of built environment?

A

aesthetics, destination

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6
Q

Characteristic that makes the built environment interesting and pleasing (flowers, trees, air quality, architecture)

A

aesthetics

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7
Q

Availability of places/destinations that people could walk, bike to in neighborhood.

A

destination

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8
Q

What is the most common type of environment measure?

A

interview or self-reports

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9
Q

__________ are not necessarily accurate reflections of their environment because 2 people could perceive same environment very differently.

A

perceptions

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10
Q

systems designed to provide objective data on environmental characteristics dispersed across large areas

A

geographical information systems (GIS)

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11
Q

GIS is useful for _______ measuring aspects of the environment that might influence PA.

A

directly

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12
Q

How can the built environment be measured?

A

direct observation

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13
Q

Direction observation of built environment allows researchers to directly assess features of environment and can be useful for ____________ environment, but it is often very ____________

A

changing, time-consuming

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14
Q

Correlational studies of the built environment study factors correlated with ______ PA participation and with objectively measured environmental attributes to _______ PA.

A

adult, youth

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15
Q

________ involve participants being exposed to some type of intervention outside the control of the investigator.

A

QES

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16
Q

QES often lacks any _________ condition.

A

control

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17
Q

Changes to built environment lead to changes in __________.

A

PA

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18
Q

Informal & formal rules, regulations, and practices developed and implemented by governments, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.

A

policies

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19
Q

Policies can regulate ________ environment and _________.

A

built, behavior

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20
Q

Policies can improve access to PA ___________.

A

opportunities

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21
Q

_________ can influence relatively small groups of people and large groups of people, even populations.

A

policies

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22
Q

Majority of the research on policies has been done in __________ countries.

A

affluent

23
Q

Polices and curricula for school-based PE provide __________ to increase activity levels in younger segments of the population.

A

valuable opportunity

24
Q

The number of students attending daily PE classes has __________ significantly increased over the past 20 years.

A

declined

25
Q

To ensure school-based policy and curriculum changes to help the decline in PA for children we can implement appropriate teacher __________, increase the frequency of duration of PE classes, increase the amount of time performing _________ in PE classes, and develop classes that appeal to more students.

A

training, MVPA

26
Q

Changes to policy have been shown to lead to ________ in time spent engaged in MVPA, student fitness.

A

increases

27
Q

Policies can promote physical activity by allocating resources to make _________ more convenient and accessible.

A

public transit

28
Q

Policies can promote PA by facilitating ________ forms of transportation.

A

active

29
Q

Policies can promote PA by advocating _________ land development and walkable communities.

A

mixed-use

30
Q

The WHO policy aims to establish a national vision that prioritizes the __________ of PA and the reduction of sedentary behavior.

A

promotion

31
Q

WHO policy recommends engaging key stakeholders to provide __________ and actively promote and advocate for policy changes.

A

leadership

32
Q

The ___________ model is derived from Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems theory research in the 1970s and 1980s.

A

social ecological

33
Q

The social ecological model states that ____________ factors are only one of the multiple levels of influence on behaviors.

A

individual-level

34
Q

Social ecological models allow organization of ____________ and ____________.

A

correlates and determinants

35
Q

factors with a reliable association with PA behavior; do NOT cause changes in PA

A

correlates

36
Q

factors related to PA behavior, but also directly INFLUENCE behavior

A

determinants

37
Q

The _____________ model of PA is made up of the individual, 4 PA domains, intrapersonal influences, physical environment, and policy environment.

A

Preliminary social ecological

38
Q

Social ecological models support ________ transportation.

A

active

39
Q

real or imagined pressure to change one’s behavior, attitudes, or beliefs

A

social influence

40
Q

perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others

A

social support

41
Q

What are the two ways to define and measure social support?

A

size of social network and amount/type of support

42
Q

Provision of tangible, practical assistance; helps individual achieve exercise goals

A

intrumental support

43
Q

expression of encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern toward a person; can help reduce anxiety/fear, provide reassurance

A

emotional support

44
Q

directions, advice, or suggestions about how to exercise

A

informational support

45
Q

provision of feedback regarding progress; confirmation/validation that one’s thoughts, feelings, problems, and experiences are “normal”

A

appraisal support

46
Q

What is one of the most visible, important social institutions?

A

family

47
Q

Parents with dependent children are at an _____________ risk for physical INactivity.

A

increased

48
Q

There is a _________ relationship between parenthood & PA level.

A

negative

49
Q

Spouses/partners have a _____________ effect on exercise behavior.

A

positive

50
Q

relationships between behaviors of parents and their children

A

familial resemblance

51
Q

parents communicate belief in child’s success in performing activity

A

expectancy-value

52
Q

people increase effort and performance when others are watching

A

social faciliation

53
Q

myths & stereotypes about what is appropriate at specific life stages

A

ageism

54
Q

sedentary image of aging is seen as normal

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

HK 340 (9 decks)

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