Unit 2 - Social, Physical, & Policy Influences on Physical Activity and Behavior

Question 1

What characteristics of environment may influence PA participation and exercise.

Answer 1

Built environment and natural environment

Question 2

__________ environment includes physical form of communities and how land is used.

Answer 2

built

Question 3

There is little known about features of __________ environment on PA behavior.

Answer 3

natural

Question 4

The functional, structural and safety aspects of built environment influence the ________ to which environment can be used for PA.

Answer 4

extent

Question 5

What are the features of built environment?

Answer 5

aesthetics, destination

Question 6

Characteristic that makes the built environment interesting and pleasing (flowers, trees, air quality, architecture)

Answer 6

aesthetics

Question 7

Availability of places/destinations that people could walk, bike to in neighborhood.

Answer 7

destination

Question 8

What is the most common type of environment measure?

Answer 8

interview or self-reports

Question 9

__________ are not necessarily accurate reflections of their environment because 2 people could perceive same environment very differently.

Answer 9

perceptions

Question 10

systems designed to provide objective data on environmental characteristics dispersed across large areas

Answer 10

geographical information systems (GIS)

Question 11

GIS is useful for _______ measuring aspects of the environment that might influence PA.

Answer 11

directly

Question 12

How can the built environment be measured?

Answer 12

direct observation

Question 13

Direction observation of built environment allows researchers to directly assess features of environment and can be useful for ____________ environment, but it is often very ____________

Answer 13

changing, time-consuming

Question 14

Correlational studies of the built environment study factors correlated with ______ PA participation and with objectively measured environmental attributes to _______ PA.

Answer 14

adult, youth

Question 15

________ involve participants being exposed to some type of intervention outside the control of the investigator.

Answer 15

QES

Question 16

QES often lacks any _________ condition.

Answer 16

control

Question 17

Changes to built environment lead to changes in __________.

Answer 17

PA

Question 18

Informal & formal rules, regulations, and practices developed and implemented by governments, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.

Answer 18

policies

Question 19

Policies can regulate ________ environment and _________.

Answer 19

built, behavior

Question 20

Policies can improve access to PA ___________.

Answer 20

opportunities

Question 21

_________ can influence relatively small groups of people and large groups of people, even populations.

Answer 21

policies

Question 22

Majority of the research on policies has been done in __________ countries.

Answer 22

affluent

Question 23

Polices and curricula for school-based PE provide __________ to increase activity levels in younger segments of the population.

Answer 23

valuable opportunity

Question 24

The number of students attending daily PE classes has __________ significantly increased over the past 20 years.

Answer 24

declined

Question 25

To ensure school-based policy and curriculum changes to help the decline in PA for children we can implement appropriate teacher __________, increase the frequency of duration of PE classes, increase the amount of time performing _________ in PE classes, and develop classes that appeal to more students.

Answer 25

training, MVPA

Question 26

Changes to policy have been shown to lead to ________ in time spent engaged in MVPA, student fitness.

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

Policies can promote physical activity by allocating resources to make _________ more convenient and accessible.

Answer 27

public transit

Question 28

Policies can promote PA by facilitating ________ forms of transportation.

Answer 28

active

Question 29

Policies can promote PA by advocating _________ land development and walkable communities.

Answer 29

mixed-use

Question 30

The WHO policy aims to establish a national vision that prioritizes the __________ of PA and the reduction of sedentary behavior.

Answer 30

promotion

Question 31

WHO policy recommends engaging key stakeholders to provide __________ and actively promote and advocate for policy changes.

Answer 31

leadership

Question 32

The ___________ model is derived from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological systems theory research in the 1970s and 1980s.

Answer 32

social ecological

Question 33

The social ecological model states that ____________ factors are only one of the multiple levels of influence on behaviors.

Answer 33

individual-level

Question 34

Social ecological models allow organization of ____________ and ____________.

Answer 34

correlates and determinants

Question 35

factors with a reliable association with PA behavior; do NOT cause changes in PA

Answer 35

correlates

Question 36

factors related to PA behavior, but also directly INFLUENCE behavior

Answer 36

determinants

Question 37

The _____________ model of PA is made up of the individual, 4 PA domains, intrapersonal influences, physical environment, and policy environment.

Answer 37

Preliminary social ecological

Question 38

Social ecological models support ________ transportation.

Answer 38

active

Question 39

real or imagined pressure to change one's behavior, attitudes, or beliefs

Answer 39

social influence

Question 40

perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others

Answer 40

social support

Question 41

What are the two ways to define and measure social support?

Answer 41

size of social network and amount/type of support

Question 42

Provision of tangible, practical assistance; helps individual achieve exercise goals

Answer 42

intrumental support

Question 43

expression of encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern toward a person; can help reduce anxiety/fear, provide reassurance

Answer 43

emotional support

Question 44

directions, advice, or suggestions about how to exercise

Answer 44

informational support

Question 45

provision of feedback regarding progress; confirmation/validation that one's thoughts, feelings, problems, and experiences are "normal"

Answer 45

appraisal support

Question 46

What is one of the most visible, important social institutions?

Answer 46

family

Question 47

Parents with dependent children are at an _____________ risk for physical INactivity.

Answer 47

increased

Question 48

There is a _________ relationship between parenthood & PA level.

Answer 48

negative

Question 49

Spouses/partners have a _____________ effect on exercise behavior.

Answer 49

positive

Question 50

relationships between behaviors of parents and their children

Answer 50

familial resemblance

Question 51

parents communicate belief in child's success in performing activity

Answer 51

expectancy-value

Question 52

people increase effort and performance when others are watching

Answer 52

social faciliation

Question 53

myths & stereotypes about what is appropriate at specific life stages

Answer 53

ageism

Question 54

sedentary image of aging is seen as normal

Answer 54

self-fulfilling prophecy