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HK 340 > Unit 2 - Personality & Physical Activity > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Personality & Physical Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the most popular topics in Exercise & Sport Psychology?

A

personality

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2
Q

Certain personality attributes are important ___________ to PA participation.

A

antecedents

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3
Q

Certain personality attributes developed as a _____________ of PA.

A

consequence

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4
Q

Personality psychology underlies much of __________ psychology.

A

social

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5
Q

Personality could account for ___% of variance in PA behavior.

A

7-10

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6
Q

___________ is the underlying, relatively stable, psychological structures & processes that organize human experience & shape a person’s actions & reactions to the environment.

A

personality

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7
Q

Personality is moderately-to-highly __________.

A

heritable

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8
Q

Personality is shown to have significant, but small, effects on ________ & __________ through health behaviors, reactivity to stress, and responses to illness.

A

health, longevity

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9
Q

______ is developed from early environmental interactions and includes self-concept.

A

core

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10
Q

________ is at the center of your core; the “real you”

A

self-concept

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11
Q

_________ are predictable behaviors, ways of reacting to environment that can be modified or learned.

A

typical responses

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12
Q

____________ are variable, daily behaviors most easily changed and most influenced by environment.

A

role-related behaviors

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13
Q

The early theory of personality proposed by ______________ stated that there are 4 basic body fluids (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm).

A

ancient Greeks

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14
Q

The early theory of personality proposed by ___________ (“Constitutional Theory”) stated that individuals possess certain body types that are largely genetically determined and predispose individuals toward behavioral consistency.

A

Sheldon

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15
Q

Sheldon proposed that there are significant associations between ___________ and personality.

A

somatotypes

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16
Q

________ approaches of personality propose a biological/genetic foundation and emphasize consistency in behavior over time & across situations.

A

dispositional/trait

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17
Q

According to Hollander, what makes up the structure of personality?

A

core, typical responses, and role-related behaviors

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18
Q

What part of your personality is most affected by your environment?

A

role-related behaviors

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19
Q

The emphasis in the trait theories is on ____, not the environment.

A

you

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20
Q

relatively enduring, highly consistent internal attributes

A

traits

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21
Q

___________ traits are made up of specific, facet traits.

A

general

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22
Q

_________ was one of the most prominent personality psychologists during the mid-to-late twentieth century.

A

Eysenck

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23
Q

_________ proposed relationships between traits generate 2nd order trait dimensions.

A

Eysenck

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24
Q

What are the 3 personality dimensions of Eysenck’s model?

A

Extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, psychoticism-superego

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25
Q

________ are relatively enduring, highly consistent internal attributes.

A

traits

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26
Q

Trait theories have emphasis on __________ vs situation.

A

person

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27
Q

Trait theories reflect motivational systems which increase ____________ to positive/negative stimuli.

A

adaptation

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28
Q

__________ traits include extraversion and conscientiousness.

A

general

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29
Q

___________ traits include excitement-seeking, anxiety, orderliness and are subsumed within general traits.

A

specific, facet

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30
Q

Tendency to be outgoing, sociable, optimistic, active vs. tendency to be reserved, unsociable, quiet, and passive.

A

extraversion vs introversion

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31
Q

__________ mediates cortical arousal.

A

reticular formation

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32
Q

If the individual’s cortical arousal is functioning at a high level, they feel _______. If it is functioning at a low level, they feel ________.

A

alert, drowsy

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33
Q

Reticular formation is sometimes referred to as _____________ system.

A

reticular activating

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34
Q

___________ have higher, base levels of activation and low sensory threshold (augmentation); they avoid further stimulation

A

introverts

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35
Q

__________ have lower levels of activation and high sensory threshold (reduction); they seek additional stimulation

A

extraverts

36
Q

__________ is associated with greater blood flow in certain brain regions, differently than blood flow associated with ___________.

A

introversion, extraversion

37
Q

Tendency to be tense, anxious, moody, excitable, worried vs. emotional stability, tendency to be calm, even-tempered, easygoing, controlled.

A

neuroticism vs. stability

38
Q

Neuroticism vs. stability is associated with the activity of the __________ (emotional brain) and __________ system.

A

limbic system, autonomic nervous

39
Q

_________ neuroticism individuals have more rapidly changing and longer lasting autonomic reactions than ________ neuroticism individuals.

A

high, low

40
Q

Longer lasting and more rapidly changing autonomic reactions in high N individuals reflects increased reactivity in the __________ (includes amygdala), which then predisposes them to react strongly to emotionally arousing experiences and take longer to return pre-arousal states.

A

limbic system

41
Q

Amygdala activity does not predict neuroticism, but slower amygdala _________ from negative images after their offset predicted ________ neuroticism.

A

recovery, greater

42
Q

Tendency to be impulsive, aggressive, hostile, impersonal vs. tendency to be empathetic, cooperative, conforming

A

psychoticism vs. superego

43
Q

Psychoticism-superego is associated with _________ function, specifically elevated androgens and relative absence of serotonin metabolites.

A

hormonal

44
Q

Aspects like lack of _________ may work against physical activity behavior in psychoticism-superego individuals.

A

self-discipline

45
Q

__________ proposed personality is composed of 16 factors and predicted relations in terms of exercise.

A

Cattell

46
Q

_________ are more likely to adopt/adhere to physical activity/exercise regimen

A

extroverts

47
Q

Low __________ for extroverts leads them to seek sensory stimulation through physical activity.

A

arousal

48
Q

Extraverts tolerate ________ better.

A

pain

49
Q

For N individuals, higher fitness means ___________ anxiety.

A

lower

50
Q

Lower N individuals would respond favorably to intense training, generally predicting a ____________ relationship between PA/exercise & N.

A

negative

51
Q

____________ examined effects of 4 months of fitness training on middle-aged men on personality using 16PF, EPQ.

A

Ismail & Young

52
Q

Ismail & Young proved relationships between fitness and ______________. They found that lack of fitness associated with emotional instability, especially at pre-program.

A

emotional instability

53
Q

_________ means someone is organized, thorough, efficient, responsible, dependable, practical, and deliberate.

A

conscientiousness

54
Q

___________ means someone is imaginative, curious, intellectual, logical insightful, artistic, clever, and intentive.

A

openness to experience

55
Q

_________ means someone is sympathetic, kind, affectionate, warm, generous, trusting, forgiving, good-natured, cooperative, unselfish, and sensitive.

A

agreeableness

56
Q

__________ stability typically remains relatively constant across adult lifespan.

A

emotional

57
Q

__________ extraversion, __________ neuroticism, is linked to higher self-reported PA levels, but accelerometer-measured PA studies are lacking.

A

higher, lower

58
Q

In middle-aged women, ___________ is negatively associated with accelerometer-measured leisure time MVPA and self-reported PA

A

neuroticism

59
Q

In middle-aged women, __________ is positively associated with self-reported PA.

A

extraversion

60
Q

In older men and women, those who scored high in _________ reported less PA than what was measured by accelerometers and _________ was not associated with either measure of PA.

A

neuroticism, extraversion

61
Q

The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging found that __________ was negatively correlated with strength while __________ was positively correlated with strength.

A

neuroticism, extraversion

62
Q

Rhodes & Wilson found that there are small relationships for extraversion, _________, neuroticism, and _____________.

A

conscientiousness, openness

63
Q

Rhodes & Wilson’s study implies that longevity is associated with being conscientious, emotionally stable, and active, which are all associated with _________.

A

physical activity

64
Q

Moor et al. found that _________ exercised more among adolescents and among older adults, _________ exercised more.

A

males, females

65
Q

Sutin et al. found that _______ neuroticism with __________ conscientiousness was associated with more physical activity and less inactivity and sedentary behavior.

A

lower, higher

66
Q

Sutin et al. found that extraversion and openness were also associated with _______ physical activity and _______ inactivity.

A

more, less

67
Q

_________ is associated with quantity and frequency of MVPA

A

conscientiousness

68
Q

amount of statistical variability accounted for by genes

A

heritability index

69
Q

_________ in human studies tend to be somewhat higher for more vigorous forms of physical activty.

A

heritability indices

70
Q

Genetic factors may become more relevant when the activity stimulus is ________ demanding.

A

more

71
Q

Butkovic et al. found that those with higher extraversion and lower neuroticism reported exercising ________ frequently at _______ intensities.

A

more, higher

72
Q

Schutte et al. found that heritability in exercise __________ partially derives from genetic variants.

A

behavior

73
Q

Factors influencing interoceptive stimuli are distinct from those influencing ___________ stimuli.

A

exteroceptive

74
Q

Ekkekakis et al. found that preference for exercise intensity and tolerance of exercise intensity are manifestations of individual differences in ____________ modulation and having a ________ basis.

A

somatosensory, genetic

75
Q

A preference for exercise ____________ suggests a predisposition to select a particular exercise intensity when given the opportunity.

A

intensity

76
Q

__________ of exercise intensity suggests there is a trait that influences one’s ability to continue exercising at an imposed level of intensity even when the activity becomes uncomfortable or unpleasant.

A

tolerance

77
Q

Ekkekakis et al. found that we don’t have a high capacity for ________ activty.

A

anerobic

78
Q

____________ to high intensity exercise predicted more positive/less negative affect during high intensity circuit of PA.

A

preference

79
Q

Tolerance and preference reflect predisposition to tolerate and/or prefer _________ aspects of higher intensity exercise.

A

aversive

80
Q

Type ____ personality people are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors.

A

A

81
Q

important to keep trying to influence outcome, no matter how bad things get, rather than become passive

A

control

82
Q

belief that when stresses mount, important to stay involved with events/people as to enhance meaning, rather than sink into alienation or become isolated.

A

commitment

83
Q

see stress as normal aspect of living and opportunity to grow through the disruption, rather than be naively insistent on comfort and security

A

challenges

84
Q

The three C’s are protective against ________ effects of stress.

A

deleterious

85
Q

Hardiness is ________ associated with exercise behavior.

A

positively

86
Q

Animal research shows that exercise training leads to increased _________.

A

resilience

87
Q

PA and self-perceived resilience are positively associated. There is a stronger association among individuals with high trait __________.

A

anxiety

HK 340 (9 decks)

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