Unit 2 - Stress, Stress Reactivity, and Physical Activity

Question 1

a state of disharmony or threatened homeostasis

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

Medication, exercise, etc. are examples of ________ stressors.

Answer 2

internal

Question 3

Noise, light, etc. are examples of __________ stressors.

Answer 3

external

Question 4

________ is negative stress.

Answer 4

distress

Question 5

___________ is positive stress.

Answer 5

eustress

Question 6

Chronic stress is risk factor in premature biological __________ and ___________.

Answer 6

aging, early death

Question 7

___________ stress includes substance abuse and nutritional excess.

Answer 7

biological

Question 8

__________ stress includes perfectionist attitudes, obsessiveness/compulsiveness, or a need for control.

Answer 8

psychological

Question 9

_________ stress involves a lack of social skills, shyness, insecurity, loneliness, and environmental strain.

Answer 9

interpersonal

Question 10

_________ of stress in early stressful environments or early nurturing environments can cause stress.

Answer 10

experience

Question 11

Who applied stress to studies on humans?

Answer 11

Selye

Question 12

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome stated that stress was a __________ response.

Answer 12

non-specific

Question 13

In Selye’s GAS, __________ is the initial reaction to stress

Answer 13

arousal and alarm

Question 14

____________ is a physiological adaptation to deal with crisis.

Answer 14

fight or flight response

Question 15

In Selye’s GAS, _________ occurs if a stressor is resolved

Answer 15

stage of resistance

Question 16

In Selye’s GAS, ____________ occurs if a stressor is prolonged.

Answer 16

stage of exhaustion

Question 17

When a stressor happens for seconds, minutes, or hours, you will experience ___________.

Answer 17

arousal & alarm

Question 18

When a stressor lasts for days, weeks, or months, we are in the stage of ____________.

Answer 18

resistance

Question 19

When a stress keeps going for years, we reach the stage of __________.

Answer 19

exhaustion

Question 20

initiated when some real or perceived threat/challenge is encountered

Answer 20

stress response

Question 21

The _________ makes an immediate determinant for a response to stressors.

Answer 21

amygdala

Question 22

Stress hormones come from the __________ glands.

Answer 22

adrenal

Question 23

initial assessment of stressor

Answer 23

primary appraisal

Question 24

assessment of resources to cope

Answer 24

secondary appraisal

Question 25

What are the two kinds of hormones secreted from the adrenal glands?

Answer 25

catecholamines and cortisol

Question 26

hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine; generally occurs when situations present a challenge to an individual

Answer 26

catecholamines

Question 27

Hormone that generally occurs when an individual is faced with a threat or unpleasant challenge

Answer 27

cortisol

Question 28

Our catecholamines come from the __________ of the adrenal glands

Answer 28

middle

Question 29

The amygdala causes the hypothalamus to activate the ___________ nervous system via splanchnic nerve that innervates the ____________.

Answer 29

sympathetic, adrenal medulla

Question 30

The adrenal medulla releases _____________ (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Answer 30

catecholamines

Question 31

The adrenal cortex releases ___________.

Answer 31

cortisol

Question 32

The amygdala activates the hypothalamus, which activates the HPA axis and stimulates the anterior lobe of the _____________ gland. The _____________ then releases cortisol.

Answer 32

pituitary, adrenal cortex

Question 33

Ability of an organism to change and stabilize its internal environment despite constant changes to external environment; internal equilibrium

Answer 33

homeostasis

Question 34

a wide range of functioning of the coping/adaptation system, depending on a variety of factors

Answer 34

allostasis

Question 35

Cumulative impact of progressive physiological ‘wear and tear’ on the brain and body predisposes the individual to ___________.

Answer 35

disease

Question 36

ongoing stress means that the stress response never “turns off”, which ultimately leads to _________ and ________.

Answer 36

illness, disease

Question 37

Chronic elevations of heart rate & blood pressure can lead to decreased ________ function, memory loss, and increased risk of anxiety and depression.

Answer 37

immune

Question 38

Chronic stress has a bidirectional relationship with __________.

Answer 38

health risk

Question 39

Greater stress leads to more _________; fewer health-risking behaviors (HRB) helps modify ________ of stress

Answer 39

HRBs, level

Question 40

Sufficient PA leads to ___________ allostatic load, while sedentariness leads to ____________ allostatic load.

Answer 40

decreased, increased

Question 41

The ____________ hypothesis states that if a stressor of sufficient intensity and/or duration will induce adaption of stress response systems.

Answer 41

cross-stressor adaptation

Question 42

A decreased magnitude of response to some familiar change

Answer 42

habituation

Question 43

an augmented response to a novel stressor

Answer 43

sensitization

Question 44

Habituation allows for effective interaction with minimized physiological response, greater physiological _________-.

Answer 44

capacity