UNIT 3: pelvis/perineum/reproductive organs

Question 1

name 4 muscles forming pelvis floor

Answer 1

• levator ani
• coccygeus
• obturator internus
• piriformis

Question 2

where is piriformis - what does it do?

Answer 2

across sciatic nerve -across head of femur

thigh side to side

Question 3

where is coccygeus?

Answer 3

posterior to levator ani anterior to sacrospinal ligament - supports pelvic viscera

Question 4

where is levator ani?

Answer 4

musculotendinous sheet forms most of the pelvic floor with coccygeus forms pelvic diaphragm
(puborectalis/ pubococcygeus/ iliococcygeus)

Question 5

what artery and nerve supplies the levator ani?

Answer 5

inferior gluteal artery

pudendal nerve

Question 6

where is obturator internus what does it do?

Answer 6

pelvic wall & glutes

- lateral rotation/ abduction of femur at hip joint

Question 7

what is the role of seminal vesicles in males?

Answer 7

produce fluid which is alkaline to neutralise acid and urethra and rich in fructose - gives mitochondria energy for ATP for sperm

Question 8

what else contributes to mobilisation of sperm?

Answer 8

prostate - prostatic fluid

Question 9

what does the bulbourethral gland do?

Answer 9

produces lubricant for vagina

Question 10

what is the perineum?

Answer 10

inferior part of pelvic outlet

Question 11

give the surface borders of the perineum

Answer 11

anterior: base of penis/ mons pubis
lateral: medial thighs
posterior: interglutealcleft

Question 12

give the anatomical borders of the perineum

Answer 12

anterior: pubic symphysis
posterior: tip of coccyx
lateral: pubic/ ischio rami
roof: pelvic floor
base: skin/ fascia

Question 13

how is the perineum split?

Answer 13

border between ischial tuberosity splits the diamond into two:
anterior urogenital triangle: external genitalia/ urethra
posterior anal triangle: external anal aperture/ ischioanal fossa/ external anal sphincter

Question 14

where is the perineal body and why is it useful?

Answer 14

junction of triangles - point of attachment for levator ani, , bulbospongiosus muscles, external anal/urethral sphincter and superficial/deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 15

what is the testes responsible for and how is it adapted for its role?

Answer 15

spermatogenesis
hangs in scrotum outside body as process requires temperature lower than core body temperature
- also responsible for secondaty characteristics - hair growth/voice deepening

Question 16

which two muscles are control retraction and descent of scrotum?

Answer 16

cremaster and dartos muscle

Question 17

what is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 17

storage/ maturation of sperm

- develop flagella to help with movement/ provide lots of mitochondria

Question 18

what structure runs with the testicular artery and vein in the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

vas deferens (ductus deferens) - drains sperm from epididymis into urethra

Question 19

where is the site of fertilisation in females?

Answer 19

uterine tubes

Question 20

what are the three parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 20

isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum

Question 21

what are the fimbriae?

Answer 21

finger-like projections at end of the uterine tubes which sweep egg from ovary into uterine tube

Question 22

what does the bulb of vestibule do during arousal?

Answer 22

fills with blood and expands external structures of vulva outwards so puts pressure on walls of vaginal canal