UNIT 3: pelvis/perineum/reproductive organs Flashcards
name 4 muscles forming pelvis floor
- levator ani
- coccygeus
- obturator internus
- piriformis
where is piriformis - what does it do?
across sciatic nerve -across head of femur
thigh side to side
where is coccygeus?
posterior to levator ani anterior to sacrospinal ligament - supports pelvic viscera
where is levator ani?
musculotendinous sheet forms most of the pelvic floor with coccygeus forms pelvic diaphragm
(puborectalis/ pubococcygeus/ iliococcygeus)
what artery and nerve supplies the levator ani?
inferior gluteal artery
pudendal nerve
where is obturator internus what does it do?
pelvic wall & glutes
- lateral rotation/ abduction of femur at hip joint
what is the role of seminal vesicles in males?
produce fluid which is alkaline to neutralise acid and urethra and rich in fructose - gives mitochondria energy for ATP for sperm
what else contributes to mobilisation of sperm?
prostate - prostatic fluid
what does the bulbourethral gland do?
produces lubricant for vagina
what is the perineum?
inferior part of pelvic outlet
give the surface borders of the perineum
anterior: base of penis/ mons pubis
lateral: medial thighs
posterior: interglutealcleft
give the anatomical borders of the perineum
anterior: pubic symphysis
posterior: tip of coccyx
lateral: pubic/ ischio rami
roof: pelvic floor
base: skin/ fascia
how is the perineum split?
border between ischial tuberosity splits the diamond into two:
anterior urogenital triangle: external genitalia/ urethra
posterior anal triangle: external anal aperture/ ischioanal fossa/ external anal sphincter
where is the perineal body and why is it useful?
junction of triangles - point of attachment for levator ani, , bulbospongiosus muscles, external anal/urethral sphincter and superficial/deep transverse perineal muscles
what is the testes responsible for and how is it adapted for its role?
spermatogenesis
hangs in scrotum outside body as process requires temperature lower than core body temperature
- also responsible for secondaty characteristics - hair growth/voice deepening
which two muscles are control retraction and descent of scrotum?
cremaster and dartos muscle
what is the function of the epididymis?
storage/ maturation of sperm
- develop flagella to help with movement/ provide lots of mitochondria
what structure runs with the testicular artery and vein in the spermatic cord?
vas deferens (ductus deferens) - drains sperm from epididymis into urethra
where is the site of fertilisation in females?
uterine tubes
what are the three parts of the uterine tubes?
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
what are the fimbriae?
finger-like projections at end of the uterine tubes which sweep egg from ovary into uterine tube
what does the bulb of vestibule do during arousal?
fills with blood and expands external structures of vulva outwards so puts pressure on walls of vaginal canal
