UNIT 2: lungs Flashcards
how are the lungs split into lobes?
right lung - horizontal and oblique fissure - split into 3 lobes: superior/ middle/ inferior
left lung - oblique fissure - 2 lobes: superior/ inferior
what is the name of the section of the left lung which indents the antero-inferior aspect of its superior lobe?
cardiac notch
what is the thin, tongue-like process that extends below the notch?
lingula
when does the lingula move?
during respiration - slides in/out of costomediastinal recess
describe the position of the apex of the lung and what it is covered by
ascends above 1st rib into root of neck
- covered by cervical pleura
what structures are located in the space between the lungs?
heart and blood vessels
what are the surfaces of the lung?
costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic
what are the borders of the lung?
anterior
inferior
posterior
what is the root of the lung enclosed in?
pleural sleeve/ mesopneumonium
connects lungs with heart/trachea
where is the hilum found and what structures does it contain?
medial surface of lung
contains main bronchus, pulmonary/ lymphatic/ bronchial vessels and nerves
what does the trachea bifurcate into?
right/ left main (principal) bronchi
what secondary bronchi do the principal bronchi split into?
right: superior/ middle/ inferior
left: superior/ inferior
what is another term to describe secondary bronchi?`
lobar bronchi
what tertiary bronchi do the lobar bronchi split into?
segmental bronchi
what do the segmental bronchi supply?
bronchopulmonary segments
what are the further divisions from segmental bronchi?
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
what main pulmonary vessels is each lung supplied by?
pulmonary artery and two pulmonary veins
where does the pulmonary artery originate from and what does it carry?
- originates from pulmonary trunk
- carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle of heart to lungs
what is the difference in pulmonary artery of right and left lungs?
right - longer - directly enters root of lungs with large branch to superior lobe and secondary recurrent branch to it and further division to supply the middle and inferior lobes
left - shorter - enters root/ hilum and also has branching
what does pulmonary artery split into as it descends posterolaterally to main bronchi?
lobar and segmental arteries
what do the superior/ inferior pulmonary veins carry and what veins drain into it?
oxygenated blood from lungs to heart- drain into left atrium
veins from parietal pleura drain into it
what forms the vascular system of pulmonary tissue and where do they originate?
bronchial veins/ arteries
- arises from thoracic aorta and branches
where do the bronchial arteries run and how many are there?
run on posterior surface of bronchi
- 1 on right/ 2 on left
where do the bronchial veins drain into?
right - drains into azygos vein
left - drains into hemi-azygos vein or superior intercostal vein
