Unit 3 Grudge Ball Review Flashcards
What is parasitism? Give an example
One benefits, one is harmed. Ticks on a dog
What is mutualism? Give an example
both benefit. bee and flower
What is commensalism? Give an example
one benefits, one unharmed. barnacles and whale
What is predation? Give an example
carnivore eats another animal. lion eating gazelle
Define niche. List three things that are part of an organism’s niche.
What is in the organism’s environment and how the organism interacts with it.
Water, shelter, other animals
What is a limiting factor? Give an example
An occurrence that keeps a specie’s population low
Why can several warbler species live in the same tree?
They occupy different niches
Compare density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. Give examples
dependent: things that affect different sized populations differently (disease, competition)
independent: things that affect populations regardless of size (climate, natural disasters)
What will occur when a population grows larger than the carrying capacity?
The food population will decrease, followed by the specie’s population, then the predator’s population.
There are 25 trees in a square kilometer - what population characteristic is stated?
population density
What could interrupt the process of succession?
Natural disturbances
What type of graph is exponential?
curves straight up
What type of graph is logistic?
s-curve
What happens to native species when an invasive species is imported?
They can be outcompeted
List the levels of organization from ecosystem down
ecosystem→ community→ population→ organism
Compare climate and weather
climate: average over time
weather: day-to-day
Why does Earth have three main climate zones?
the amount of direct sunlight changes at different parts of the globe
Define ecological footprint
the effects an individual makes on the environment
Give two examples of ecosystem goods and services
water, air, soil
Compare biotic and abiotic factors.
biotic: living
abiotic: nonliving
How do most primary producers make their own food?
sunlight/PTS
What is biomagnification?
pollution isn’t digested by organism low on trophic level, increases magnification going up the levels
What happens to the concentration of DDT as it moves up the food chain?
It is magnified by 10%
How do birth rate and death rate affect the growth rate?
Birthrate is higher than death rate=increase
Death rate is higher than birthrate=decrease
What organisms carry out nitrogen fixation?
bacteria
Compare herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores
herbivores: plants
omnivores: plants and animals
carnivores: animals
Why are introduced species a threat to biodiversity?
They outcompete native species
Difference between food chain and food web.
Food chain is one direction
Food web is many chains in different directions
Why can matter recycle through the biosphere?
biogeochemical processes
How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
10%
What happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level?
Released as body heat
How and why do introduced species affect the new ecosystem?
They take over native species, leaving some species without food and others without predators, so some populations grow while others shrink, throwing the whole ecosystem out of balance
What is habitat fragmentation? How are species affected?
Habitat is destroyed, leaving fragmented ecosystems. Species populations change, and may experience difficulty surviving
Why is biodiversity important to an ecosystem?
It makes sure the species are all able to adapt?
How have humans impacted biodiversity in the biosphere?
Humans have added to increasing populations’ death rates, so the biodiversity is decreasing
Explain the 10% rule. Where does the other 90% go?
10% of energy goes to the next up trophic level. 90% is body heat or life functions
List three processes involved in the carbon cycle.
Combustion, decomposition, respiration
How do the ecological footprints of developed countries compare to those of developing countries?
Developed countries have a larger/negative footprint compared to developing countries.
Define biodiversity. Which has more biodiversity - a corn field or a savanna?
Biodiversity: genetic, species, and environmental diversity
Savanna
What type of growth has the human population experienced?
Exponential
Give an example of a population which shows even or uniform distribution
Give an example of a population which shows clustered or clumped distribution.
Give an example of a population which shows random distribution.
