Unit 3 Grudge Ball Review

Question 1

What is parasitism? Give an example

Answer 1

One benefits, one is harmed. Ticks on a dog

Question 2

What is mutualism? Give an example

Answer 2

both benefit. bee and flower

Question 3

What is commensalism? Give an example

Answer 3

one benefits, one unharmed. barnacles and whale

Question 4

What is predation? Give an example

Answer 4

carnivore eats another animal. lion eating gazelle

Question 5

Define niche. List three things that are part of an organism’s niche.

Answer 5

What is in the organism’s environment and how the organism interacts with it.
Water, shelter, other animals

Question 6

What is a limiting factor? Give an example

Answer 6

An occurrence that keeps a specie’s population low

Question 7

Why can several warbler species live in the same tree?

Answer 7

They occupy different niches

Question 8

Compare density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. Give examples

Answer 8

dependent: things that affect different sized populations differently (disease, competition)
independent: things that affect populations regardless of size (climate, natural disasters)

Question 9

What will occur when a population grows larger than the carrying capacity?

Answer 9

The food population will decrease, followed by the specie’s population, then the predator’s population.

Question 10

There are 25 trees in a square kilometer - what population characteristic is stated?

Answer 10

population density

Question 11

What could interrupt the process of succession?

Answer 11

Natural disturbances

Question 12

What type of graph is exponential?

Answer 12

curves straight up

Question 13

What type of graph is logistic?

Answer 13

s-curve

Question 14

What happens to native species when an invasive species is imported?

Answer 14

They can be outcompeted

Question 15

List the levels of organization from ecosystem down

Answer 15

ecosystem→ community→ population→ organism

Question 16

Compare climate and weather

Answer 16

climate: average over time
weather: day-to-day

Question 17

Why does Earth have three main climate zones?

Answer 17

the amount of direct sunlight changes at different parts of the globe

Question 18

Define ecological footprint

Answer 18

the effects an individual makes on the environment

Question 19

Give two examples of ecosystem goods and services

Answer 19

water, air, soil

Question 20

Compare biotic and abiotic factors.

Answer 20

biotic: living
abiotic: nonliving

Question 21

How do most primary producers make their own food?

Answer 21

sunlight/PTS

Question 22

What is biomagnification?

Answer 22

pollution isn’t digested by organism low on trophic level, increases magnification going up the levels

Question 23

What happens to the concentration of DDT as it moves up the food chain?

Answer 23

It is magnified by 10%

Question 24

How do birth rate and death rate affect the growth rate?

Answer 24

Birthrate is higher than death rate=increase
Death rate is higher than birthrate=decrease

Question 25

What organisms carry out nitrogen fixation?

Answer 25

bacteria

Question 26

Compare herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores

Answer 26

herbivores: plants
omnivores: plants and animals
carnivores: animals

Question 27

Why are introduced species a threat to biodiversity?

Answer 27

They outcompete native species

Question 28

Difference between food chain and food web.

Answer 28

Food chain is one direction
Food web is many chains in different directions

Question 29

Why can matter recycle through the biosphere?

Answer 29

biogeochemical processes

Question 30

How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Answer 30

10%

Question 31

What happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level?

Answer 31

Released as body heat

Question 32

How and why do introduced species affect the new ecosystem?

Answer 32

They take over native species, leaving some species without food and others without predators, so some populations grow while others shrink, throwing the whole ecosystem out of balance

Question 33

What is habitat fragmentation? How are species affected?

Answer 33

Habitat is destroyed, leaving fragmented ecosystems. Species populations change, and may experience difficulty surviving

Question 34

Why is biodiversity important to an ecosystem?

Answer 34

It makes sure the species are all able to adapt?

Question 35

How have humans impacted biodiversity in the biosphere?

Answer 35

Humans have added to increasing populations’ death rates, so the biodiversity is decreasing

Question 36

Explain the 10% rule. Where does the other 90% go?

Answer 36

10% of energy goes to the next up trophic level. 90% is body heat or life functions

Question 37

List three processes involved in the carbon cycle.

Answer 37

Combustion, decomposition, respiration

Question 38

How do the ecological footprints of developed countries compare to those of developing countries?

Answer 38

Developed countries have a larger/negative footprint compared to developing countries.

Question 39

Define biodiversity. Which has more biodiversity - a corn field or a savanna?

Answer 39

Biodiversity: genetic, species, and environmental diversity
Savanna

Question 40

What type of growth has the human population experienced?

Answer 40

Exponential

Question 41

Give an example of a population which shows even or uniform distribution

Question 42

Give an example of a population which shows clustered or clumped distribution.

Question 43

Give an example of a population which shows random distribution.