Patterns of Evolution, Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, Genetic Drift

Question 1

Unrelated species that form an inter-relationship can undergo

Answer 1

coevolution

Question 2

Unrelated species that are in similar environments can undergo

Answer 2

convergent evolution

Question 3

Unrelated species under intense environmental pressure can undergo

Answer 3

extinction

Question 4

Related species under intense environmental pressure can undergo (2)

Answer 4

extinction
punctuated equilibrium

Question 5

Related species in small populations can undergo

Answer 5

punctuated equilibrium

Question 6

Related species in different environments can undergo

Answer 6

adaptive radiation

Question 7

Three types of reproductive isolation

Answer 7

Behavioral, geographical, and temporal

Question 8

Behavioral isolation

Answer 8

difference in mating rituals (calls, dances, etc.)

Question 9

Geographical isolation

Answer 9

difference in location, separated by landscape (mountains, rivers, oceans, canyons, etc.)

Question 10

Temporal isolation

Answer 10

difference in mating time (different time of day/year, different seasons)

Question 11

What are the two causes of speciation?

Answer 11

Isolation and genetic divergence

Question 12

What is isolation? (effects, causes)

Answer 12

1. limits gene flow
2. either physical barrier or differing conditions
3. only considered different species once enough genetic variation occurs

Question 13

What is genetic divergence? (crossing into speciation, probability)

Answer 13

One species splitting into several different species rapidly
1. enough genetic differences to prevent interbreeding
2. more likely in small populations
3. like genetic drift

Question 14

Result of speciation

Answer 14

Two groups of individuals more closely adapted to the local environment than the other group. There may not always be an increase in fitness, but natural selection will eventually.

Question 15

What is genetic drift?

Answer 15

random changes in allele frequencies in small populations

Question 16

What is the Bottleneck Effect?

Answer 16

Great reduction in population.
Changes gene pool.
Can cause genetic drift.
Main concern for endangered species

Question 17

What is a bottleneck event?

Answer 17

A random but major catastrophe that greatly reduces population size

Question 18

What is the Founder Effect?

Answer 18

A small group breaks off from the main population and colonizes a distant area.
Limited diversity
Results in quick divergence (adaptive radiation) to fill all available niches

Question 19

Coevolution

Answer 19

organisms evolving as a result of the other (pollinators and plants)

Question 20

Convergent Evolution

Answer 20

evolution producing similar features in unrelated species (emus and ostriches)

Question 21

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 21

rapid evolution after a period of slow evolution (after migration, mass extinction leaving many niches open)

Question 22

Adaptive Radiation/Divergent Evolution

Answer 22

one species rapidly evolves into several species living in different ways (Darwin’s finches)