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Biology > Unit 2 Grudge Ball Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Grudge Ball Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Who named cells?

A

Hooke

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2
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism

A

bacteria

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3
Q

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Give 2 similarities and 2 differences

A

both have DNA, ribosomes, and cell membrane
eukaryotes have nucleus and are larger
prokaryotes have no nucleus and are smaller

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

holds DNA

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5
Q

Name two cell structures involved in cell movement

A

cillia, flagellum

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6
Q

State the three parts of the cell theory

A

All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
Cells come from existing cells

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

regulates what enters and exits cell

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8
Q

Name two organelles involved in energy conversion

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondrion

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9
Q

Channels and pumps are what type of molecules?

A

protein pump

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10
Q

What type of organism has to carry out all life functions?

A

prokaryotes

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11
Q

Which organelle breaks down old organelles?

A

lysosome

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12
Q

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

A

ribosome

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13
Q

Which type of organism lacks a cell wall?

A

animal cell

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14
Q

State the path a protein takes in a cell from production to excretion

A

protein leaves ER, go to Golgi, excretion

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15
Q

Name two organelles present in plant cells that are missing from animal cells.

A

cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole

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16
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

cellular respiration (powerhouse)

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17
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

support and protect cell

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18
Q

An animal cell will burst when placed in what type of solution?

A

hypertonic

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19
Q

Which type of transport uses energy?

A

active

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20
Q

Why do plants appear green?

A

reflect green light

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21
Q

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

oxygen

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22
Q

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

A

thylakoid

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23
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ATP)

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24
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain

25
Q

What organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

A

mitochondria

26
Q

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

27
Q

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

28
Q

What type of fermentation occurs in humans?

A

lactic acid

29
Q

What are two reasons cells must divide?

A

DNA doesn’t increase, processes happen better

30
Q

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A

More genetic variety

31
Q

What events occur during interphase?

A

cell grows, DNA is copied, preparation for division

32
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up at center of cell

33
Q

Describe cytokinesis in plants

A

cell plate forms between nuclei

34
Q

Describe cytokinesis in animal cells

A

cleavage furrow splits nuclei

35
Q

Define cancer

A

uncontrolled cell growth

36
Q

What process causes embryonic cells to become specialized?

A

differentiation

37
Q

Why are stem cells important?

A

They can become any type of cell (totipotent)

38
Q

State two structures that are present in both plant and animal cells

A

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes

39
Q

Give the function of two organelles present in both plant and animal cells

A

nucleus; holds DNA mitochondria; cellular respiration ribosome; protein synthesis smooth ER; lipid synthesis, detox. rough ER; protein synthesis Golgi; process/package proteins lysosomes; cleans/recycles organelles

40
Q

State two different structures that are different between plant and animal cells.

A

chloroplast, lysosomes

41
Q

Give the functions of two organelles that are different between plant and animal cells

A

chloroplast is photosynthesis, lysosomes are recyclers

42
Q

What are the stages of mitosis in order?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

43
Q

Describe what occurs during prophase and draw the cell

A

nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes condense

44
Q

Describe what occurs during anaphase and draw the cell

A

chromosomes seperate

45
Q

Describe what occurs during telophase and draw the cell

A

nuclear membrane appears, chromosomes decondense

46
Q

Describe passive transport

A

moving high to low gradient, no energy needed: diffusion, facilitative diffusion, osmosis

47
Q

How does the number of chromosomes in daughter cells compare to the parent cell?

A

they will have the same number

48
Q

How does the DNA in one cell compare to the DNA of another cell within a multicellular organism?

A

the DNA is the same, the specialization and therefore shape is different

49
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

50
Q

List the two stages of photosynthesis

A

light-dependent, Calvin cycle

51
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to the carbon cycle?

A

CR releases carbon dioxide, PTS absorbs carbon dioxide

52
Q

Describe active transport

A

low to high gradient, need energy, uses protein pumps

53
Q

List the three stages of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport

54
Q

Explain the structure of the cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer

55
Q

List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism in order from smallest to largest

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

56
Q

Create a model/analogy for the levels of organization - cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

A

musician, stand partner, section, ensemble

57
Q

Would a cell with a high SA:V ratio or cell with a low SA:V ratio be more sucessful?

A

high ratio

58
Q

If a microscope has an ocular lens with 10x magnification and you are using the medium objective lens with 10 x magnification, what is the total magnification of your image?

A

100?

59
Q

Describe what occurs during metaphase and draw the cell

A

chromosomes line up at center of cell

Biology (10 decks)

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