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Biology > Cell Biology Module 3 > Flashcards

Cell Biology Module 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cells have cell walls?

A

Plant cells, prokaryotes

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2
Q

Which cells have a nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What contributions did Hooke make?

A

He identified and named cells.

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4
Q

What contributions did van Leeuwenhoek make?

A

He was the first to look at living cells, as bacteria from people’s teeth.

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5
Q

What contributions did Schleiden make?

A

He realized plants are made of cells.

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6
Q

What contributions did Schwann make?

A

He realized animals are made of cells.

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7
Q

What contributions did Virchow make?

A

He realized cells come from existing cells.

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It stores genetic information of the cell.

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9
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Makes energy (ATP, used in cell transport)

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10
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A

The site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll

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11
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Gather and distribute proteins from ER, distributes lipids.

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12
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Create and distribute proteins.

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13
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid synthesis, drug detoxification, calcium ion storage

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14
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Sites of protein synthesis

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15
Q

What does the cell theory state about the relation between living things and cells?

A

All living things are made of cells.

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16
Q

What does the cell theory state about where cells come from?

A

All cells come from existing cells.

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17
Q

What does the cell theory state about cells in regard to their function/structure?

A

Cells are the basic unit of structure/function.

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18
Q

What are some ways to differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes don’t.
Eukaryotes have mitochondria; prokaryotes don’t
Prokaryotes have a capsule; eukaryotes don’t
Eukaryotes have ER, Golgi, lysosomes, chloroplast (plants)🌷

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19
Q

What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

A

Plant (and protist) cells have chloroplast
Plant (and some fungi) cells have a cell wall.

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20
Q

How do plant and protist cells compare?

A

Most protists are unicellular, plants are not
All plants photosynthesize, only some protists do
Both have cell walls and a nucleus

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20
Q

How do plant and protist cells compare?

A

Most protists are unicellular, plants are not
All plants photosynthesize, only some protists do
Both have cell walls and a nucleus

21
Q

How do animal and protist cells compare?

A

Most protists are unicellular, animals are not
Protists have a cell wall, animals do not
Some protists photosynthesize, animals do not
Both have a nucleus.

22
Q

How do animal and plant cells compare?

A

Plants have a cell wall, animals do not
Plants photosynthesize, animals do not
Both have a nucleus and are multicellular

23
Q

What is cell transport similar to that is found in animals?

A

Cell transport acts as a type of homeostasis

24
Q

What are the 3 passive transportation types?

A

Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

25
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

A higher solute concentration

26
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

A lower solute concentration

27
Q

What is isotonic?

A

Equal solute concentration

28
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane from a hypertonic to hypotonic concentration

29
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

When the plasma membrane (cell mem.) pulls away from the cell wall as it shrivels.

30
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The amount of water in the cell through osmosis; a main support in some cells

31
Q

What is a contractile vacuole?

A

A vacuole that removes extra water from the cell through a pore.

32
Q

What is the difference in a concentration called?

A

Concentration gradient

33
Q

When does diffusion stop?

A

When equilibrium is reached

34
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Equal movements between both sides of the cell membrane

35
Q

What are the two main components of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins

36
Q

How do smaller molecules pass over the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Diffusion

37
Q

How do larger molecules pass over the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Through channel proteins; facilitated diffusion

38
Q

What will happen to cells in hypertonic solutions?

A

They will lose water and shrink

39
Q

What are the two parts of a phospholipid?

A

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

40
Q

Between hypertonic and hypotonic concentrations, where will the flow of water go to?

A

Hypertonic - there are fewer water molecules on that side, so there is more room for the new water to go. Like active transport

41
Q

How is facilitated diffusion different from the other types of passive transport?

A

They use transport proteins while still going towards the hypotonic concentration. Used for bigger molecules.

42
Q

What does active transport need to work?

A

ATP energy and transport proteins

43
Q

What are the types of vesicle transport?

A

Exocytosis and endocytosis

44
Q

When is exocytosis needed?

A

When the cell has waste or makes substances to transport outside the cell

45
Q

When is endocytosis needed?

A

When the cell uses outside substances for energy.

46
Q

How does vesicle transport work?

A

By folding the cell membrane over itself to trap an outside substance (endocytosis) or uses the cell membrane to surround and push out the substance (exocytosis).

47
Q

What happens to cells in hypotonic concentrations?

A

They will absorb water and swell

48
Q

Do the terms hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic refer to the amount of water or solute?

A

Solute

49
Q

Cell = .6M
Water = .4M
Which is hypertonic/hypotonic, what happens to cell?

A

Cell = hypertonic
Water = hypotonic
Water moves from solute into cell.
Cell expands.
(M = solute)

50
Q

How would you describe an isotonic concentration between a cell and water?

A

No net movement.

Biology (10 decks)

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