Cell Biology Module 3

Question 1

Which cells have cell walls?

Answer 1

Plant cells, prokaryotes

Question 2

Which cells have a nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

What contributions did Hooke make?

Answer 3

He identified and named cells.

Question 4

What contributions did van Leeuwenhoek make?

Answer 4

He was the first to look at living cells, as bacteria from people’s teeth.

Question 5

What contributions did Schleiden make?

Answer 5

He realized plants are made of cells.

Question 6

What contributions did Schwann make?

Answer 6

He realized animals are made of cells.

Question 7

What contributions did Virchow make?

Answer 7

He realized cells come from existing cells.

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

It stores genetic information of the cell.

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

Makes energy (ATP, used in cell transport)

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 10

The site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll

Question 11

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

Gather and distribute proteins from ER, distributes lipids.

Question 12

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Create and distribute proteins.

Question 13

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

Lipid synthesis, drug detoxification, calcium ion storage

Question 14

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 14

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 15

What does the cell theory state about the relation between living things and cells?

Answer 15

All living things are made of cells.

Question 16

What does the cell theory state about where cells come from?

Answer 16

All cells come from existing cells.

Question 17

What does the cell theory state about cells in regard to their function/structure?

Answer 17

Cells are the basic unit of structure/function.

Question 18

What are some ways to differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 18

Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes don’t.
Eukaryotes have mitochondria; prokaryotes don’t
Prokaryotes have a capsule; eukaryotes don’t
Eukaryotes have ER, Golgi, lysosomes, chloroplast (plants)🌷

Question 19

What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 19

Plant (and protist) cells have chloroplast
Plant (and some fungi) cells have a cell wall.

Question 20

How do plant and protist cells compare?

Answer 20

Most protists are unicellular, plants are not
All plants photosynthesize, only some protists do
Both have cell walls and a nucleus

Question 20

How do plant and protist cells compare?

Answer 20

Most protists are unicellular, plants are not
All plants photosynthesize, only some protists do
Both have cell walls and a nucleus

Question 21

How do animal and protist cells compare?

Answer 21

Most protists are unicellular, animals are not
Protists have a cell wall, animals do not
Some protists photosynthesize, animals do not
Both have a nucleus.

Question 22

How do animal and plant cells compare?

Answer 22

Plants have a cell wall, animals do not
Plants photosynthesize, animals do not
Both have a nucleus and are multicellular

Question 23

What is cell transport similar to that is found in animals?

Answer 23

Cell transport acts as a type of homeostasis

Question 24

What are the 3 passive transportation types?

Answer 24

Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 25

What is hypertonic?

Answer 25

A higher solute concentration

Question 26

What is hypotonic?

Answer 26

A lower solute concentration

Question 27

What is isotonic?

Answer 27

Equal solute concentration

Question 28

What is osmosis?

Answer 28

The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane from a hypertonic to hypotonic concentration

Question 29

What is plasmolysis?

Answer 29

When the plasma membrane (cell mem.) pulls away from the cell wall as it shrivels.

Question 30

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 30

The amount of water in the cell through osmosis; a main support in some cells

Question 31

What is a contractile vacuole?

Answer 31

A vacuole that removes extra water from the cell through a pore.

Question 32

What is the difference in a concentration called?

Answer 32

Concentration gradient

Question 33

When does diffusion stop?

Answer 33

When equilibrium is reached

Question 34

What is equilibrium?

Answer 34

Equal movements between both sides of the cell membrane

Question 35

What are the two main components of the cell membrane?

Answer 35

Phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins

Question 36

How do smaller molecules pass over the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 36

Diffusion

Question 37

How do larger molecules pass over the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 37

Through channel proteins; facilitated diffusion

Question 38

What will happen to cells in hypertonic solutions?

Answer 38

They will lose water and shrink

Question 39

What are the two parts of a phospholipid?

Answer 39

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 40

Between hypertonic and hypotonic concentrations, where will the flow of water go to?

Answer 40

Hypertonic - there are fewer water molecules on that side, so there is more room for the new water to go. Like active transport

Question 41

How is facilitated diffusion different from the other types of passive transport?

Answer 41

They use transport proteins while still going towards the hypotonic concentration. Used for bigger molecules.

Question 42

What does active transport need to work?

Answer 42

ATP energy and transport proteins

Question 43

What are the types of vesicle transport?

Answer 43

Exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 44

When is exocytosis needed?

Answer 44

When the cell has waste or makes substances to transport outside the cell

Question 45

When is endocytosis needed?

Answer 45

When the cell uses outside substances for energy.

Question 46

How does vesicle transport work?

Answer 46

By folding the cell membrane over itself to trap an outside substance (endocytosis) or uses the cell membrane to surround and push out the substance (exocytosis).

Question 47

What happens to cells in hypotonic concentrations?

Answer 47

They will absorb water and swell

Question 48

Do the terms hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic refer to the amount of water or solute?

Answer 48

Solute

Question 49

Cell = .6M Water = .4M Which is hypertonic/hypotonic, what happens to cell?

Answer 49

Cell = hypertonic Water = hypotonic Water moves from solute into cell. Cell expands. (M = solute)

Question 50

How would you describe an isotonic concentration between a cell and water?

Answer 50

No net movement.