review Flashcards
What are the steps of the scientific method?
observation, question, research, hypothesis, test, conclusion, communication
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
made of cells, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduce, evolve, heredity, grow + develop, respond to environment
What are the elements of life?
carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen
What elements make up carbohydrates?
CHO; 1:2:1 ratio
What elements make up lipids?
CHO; little O
What elements make up proteins?
CHON
What elements make up nucleic acids?
CHONP
What do enzymes do to reactions?
reduce activation energy
What direction does water move in passive transport?
high to low solute concentration
What direction does water move in active transport?
low to high solute concentration
What does active transport need to work?
ATP, transport proteins
What solution will make cells shrink?
hypertonic solution
What solution will make cells expand?
hypotonic solution
What are internal regulators?
cyclin, use checkpoints
What are external regulators?
growth factors, use density-dependent inhibition
Where are light-dependent reactions?
thylakoid
Where are Calvin cycle reactions?
stroma
What do carbohydrates do?
main energy source, structure
What are carbohydrate monomers?
monosaccharides
What do lipids do?
store energy, biological membranes, waterproof coverings, steroid hormones
What are the lipid monomers?
glycerol + fatty acids
What do proteins do?
control reaction rate, regulate cell processes, make cell structures, transport substances, fight disease
What are protein monomers?
amino acids
What do nucleic acids do?
store and transmit genetic info
What are the nucleic acid monomers?
nucleotides
What are carbohydrate products?
glucose, galactose, fructose
What are lipid products?
triglyceride
What are protein products?
alanine, cysteine
What are amino acid products?
DNA, RNA
