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review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

observation, question, research, hypothesis, test, conclusion, communication

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2
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of life?

A

made of cells, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduce, evolve, heredity, grow + develop, respond to environment

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3
Q

What are the elements of life?

A

carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

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4
Q

What elements make up carbohydrates?

A

CHO; 1:2:1 ratio

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5
Q

What elements make up lipids?

A

CHO; little O

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6
Q

What elements make up proteins?

A

CHON

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7
Q

What elements make up nucleic acids?

A

CHONP

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8
Q

What do enzymes do to reactions?

A

reduce activation energy

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9
Q

What direction does water move in passive transport?

A

high to low solute concentration

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10
Q

What direction does water move in active transport?

A

low to high solute concentration

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11
Q

What does active transport need to work?

A

ATP, transport proteins

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12
Q

What solution will make cells shrink?

A

hypertonic solution

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13
Q

What solution will make cells expand?

A

hypotonic solution

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14
Q

What are internal regulators?

A

cyclin, use checkpoints

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15
Q

What are external regulators?

A

growth factors, use density-dependent inhibition

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16
Q

Where are light-dependent reactions?

A

thylakoid

17
Q

Where are Calvin cycle reactions?

A

stroma

18
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

main energy source, structure

19
Q

What are carbohydrate monomers?

A

monosaccharides

20
Q

What do lipids do?

A

store energy, biological membranes, waterproof coverings, steroid hormones

21
Q

What are the lipid monomers?

A

glycerol + fatty acids

22
Q

What do proteins do?

A

control reaction rate, regulate cell processes, make cell structures, transport substances, fight disease

23
Q

What are protein monomers?

A

amino acids

24
Q

What do nucleic acids do?

A

store and transmit genetic info

25
Q

What are the nucleic acid monomers?

A

nucleotides

26
Q

What are carbohydrate products?

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

27
Q

What are lipid products?

A

triglyceride

28
Q

What are protein products?

A

alanine, cysteine

29
Q

What are amino acid products?

A

DNA, RNA

Biology (10 decks)

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