Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2SCPHLec > Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases Part 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

influenza classified into subtypes based on combinations of Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA)

A

Influenza A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 influenza A viruses currently circulating in humans

A

A(H1N1) and A(H3N2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Meaning of “A(H1N1)”

A

the site of isolation, culture number, and year e.g. A/ Beijing/262/95 (H1N!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lineages of Influenza B

A

Yamagata, Victoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t/f: influenza B is the least stable with antigenic drift and antigenic shift of the H and N antigens producing new strains resposible for epidemics

A

false, Influenza B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

it is the most stable with low pathogenicity (subclinical infection)

A

Influenza C\

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characterized by a sudden onset of fever, dry cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat, and a runny nose (upper respiratory symptoms)

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in influenza, uncomplicated illness lasts about _ days

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

severe or secondary infection of influenza

A

pneumonia sequalae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

people highly at risk of influenza

A
  1. young children <5 ,
  2. elderly >= 65
  3. pregnant women
  4. chronic medical conditions
  5. immunosupressive conditions
  6. healthcare workers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in Influenza, two types of transmission

A
  1. respiratory droplets
  2. direct contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

incubation period of influenza

A

1 - 5 days (mean of 2 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

period of communicability of influenza

A

2 days before onset of symptoms to 5 days after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in the tropics, epidemics tend to occur in the ____

A

rainy season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

while in temperate climates influenza is a disease of the ____ months

A

winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in 2010, A(H1N1) ____ which had originated in Mexico in 2009, reached pandemic proportions with cases in all parts of the world but fortunately was not as severe as had been anticipated.

A

swine flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

years of spanish flu

A

1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 methods of diagnosis for influenza

A

Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF)
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs)
RNA amplification with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) RT- PCR: method of choice in influenza-detection laboratories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

treatment for influenza

A

no treatment, Antiviral agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reduces the duration of fever and severity of symptoms

A

antiviral agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

valuable in reducing the development of secondary infection in vulnerable people

A

antivirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most effective way to prevent the disease

A

vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

continuously monitors the influenza viruses circulating in humans and updates the composition of influenza vaccines twice a year

A

WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Large family of viruses with widely-spaced projections or spikes on the outer surface of the envelope, suggestive of a solar corona.

A

Coronavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
It causes illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-Cov), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Coronavirus
26
caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
COVID 19
27
new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans.
COVID 19
28
Coronavirus are____, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people.
zoonotic
29
SARS virus originated in a nonhuman host, most likely ___, was amplified in ____ and was transmitted to humans in live animal markets
bats ; palm civets
30
MERS-CoV likely originated in ___ and became widespread in ____
bats ; camels
31
2019 coronavirus, there is some evidence it went from a ___ to a ____ before infecting a human in Huanan Market, Wuhan, China
bat ; pangolin
32
Covid 19 clinical manifestations
respiratory symptoms, fever, malaise, chills, headache, drycough, shortness of breath, breathing difficulties
33
many patients of covid 19 have ______ chest radiographs and progress rapidly to ___ requriing ventiloaroty support
abnormal chest radiographs ; acute respiratory distress
34
arrange pandemics in terms of death toll, highest to lowest plague of justinian small pox spanish flu HIV/AIDS black death
Black death > Small pox > spanish flu > plague of justinian
35
age with highest mortality rate of coronavirus pandemic
over 80 years, 14.8%
36
3 types of transmission of COVID 19
1. Respiratory Droplets 2. Direct Contact 3. air borne transmission
37
mucus or droplet contaminated surfaces
fomites
38
dried out droplets become ___ making allowing airborne transmission
aerosolized
39
aerosols of particles are more likely from these (3) medical procedures
1. manual ventilation 2. suction 3. bronchoscopy
40
incubatio period of SARS-CoV
average of 6 days
41
incubation period of MERS CoV
2-13 days
42
incubation period of COVID 19 (SARS - COV-2)
14 days
43
mortality rate of SARS cov
10%
44
mortality rate of MERS CoV
30%
45
moratlity rate of COVID 19 ( SARS - CoV-2)
3.60%
46
a measure of how many people each sick person will infect on average
RO (basic reproduction number) of diseases
47
2 methods of diagnosis of COVID 19
1. Nucleic Acid Detection: PCR 2. serology: ELISA, indirect immunoflourescent antibody assay, hemagglutination
48
preferred methods to detect coronavirus nucleic acid in respiratory secretions
Polymerase Chain Reaction
49
who said " "It's not just COVID-19 that is killing people, it's underprivilege, it's lack of access, it's years of living with health conditions that haven't been properly managed because of the color of your skin, or your ethnicity, or your social group""
Dr. Mike ryan
50
4 related viruses of Dengue
DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4
51
2 vectors for dengue virus
aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus
52
t/f: aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus also spread Zika, and Chikungunya and other virus
TRUE
53
Dengue Fever Phase: symptoms sudden-onset fever, headache, mouth and nose bleeding, muscle and joint pains, vomiting, rash, diarrhea
febrile phase
54
Dengue Fever Phase: symptoms hypotension, pleural effusion, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding
critical phase
55
dengue fever phase: symptoms altered level of consciousness, seizures, itching, slow heartrate
recovery phase
56
t/f: Dengue incidence increased 30-fold over the last 10 years
false, 50 years
57
t/f: dengue is sporadic throughout the tropics and subtropics
false, endemic
58
Dengue fever is most common in _____
southeast asia
59
Asian” genotypes of DENV-2 and DENV-3 are associated with severe disease accompanying ______
secondary dengue infections
60
Severe dengue was first recognized in the ____, in year ___
Philippines and Thailand, 1950s
61
Specific year that the severe dengue was first reported in the Philippines
1953
62
t/f: dengue is endemic in the philippines
TRUE
63
t/f: Philippines is 10th in the dengue burden in southeast asia
false, 4th
64
peak transmission of dengue in the Philippines
rainy season (May-November)
65
annual average dengue cases in the PH
117,000
66
case fatality rate of dengue in PH
0.55%
67
4 economic burden of dengue
loss of productivity premature death increased healthcare cost reduction in tourism
68
one important driver of the current distribution and incidence of dengue.
climate
69
was the most important predictor of distribution of degnue
temperature
70
The geographic ranges of the primary ____mosquito vectors are expanding.
aedes
71
This may lead to a greater burden of dengue in _____ and ____ income countries.
low and middle income
72
t/f: Effective measures are needed to manage the changing spread and incidence of dengue.
TRUE
73
body temperature of suspected dengue
40 celcius or 104 farenheit
74
dengue is characterized by high fever and accompanied by any 2 of the following symptoms, what are these symptoms? (6)
sever headache, retro-orbital pain, mucle and joint pains, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands or rash
75
t/f: torniquet test is done for dengue
TRUE
76
t/f: dengue is characterized by a low white cell count
TRUE
77
4 methods of diagnosis of dengue
1. virus cell culture 2. PCR: Nucleic Acid Detection [RT-PCR] 3. Viral antigen detection: NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) 4. Antibody testing (serological test): ELISA
78
t/f: there is no specific antiviral agents existing for dengue
false, none
79
4 case management of dengue
1. maintaining proper fluid balance 2. daily follow up and oral rehydration therapy 3. intravenous hydration 4. blood transfusion
80
t/f: there is no prophylaxis available to prevent dengue
TRUE
81
main method to prevent dengue
combat vector mosquitoes
82
program recommended by WHO on dengue
Integrated Vector control program
83
3 vector controls
biologic, chemical, and environmental management
84
a biologic control used to eliminate mosquitoes from larger containers used to store potable water
breeding of fish
85
most commonly used in breeding of fish because they adapt well to confined water bodies
guppies
86
2 biologic controls to prevent dengue
breeding of fish, predatory copepods
87
a chemical control, application of long-acting chemical insecticides on the walls and roofs of all in a given area
Indoor residual spraying
88
Chemical control, Massive , rapid destruction of the adult vector population Recommended for control only in emergency situations to suppress an ongoing epidemic
Space sprays
89
Type of environmental management: Improvement of water supply and water- storage systems
environmental modification
90
Type of environmental management: Mosquito-proofing of water-storage containers Solid waste management Street cleaning Building structures
ENvironmental manipulation
91
type of environmental management: mosquito screening on windows, doors mosquito nets mosquito repellant / clothing
changes to human habitation or behavior
92
DOH's 4S kontra dengue
1. Search & Destroy breeding places 2. Secure self protection 3. Seek early consultation 4. Support spraying to prevent impending outbreak
93
immunization for dengue
dengvaxia
94
dengvaxia is developed by
sanofi pasteur
95
dengvaxia is licensed in ___, and approved in __ countries
2015, 20 countries
96
live attenuated dengue vaccine CYD-TDV has been shown in clinical trials to be efficacious and safe in persons who have had a previous dengue virus infection (seropositive individuals)
Dengvaxia
97
t/f: dengvaxia carries an increased risk of severe dengue in those who experience their first natural dengue infection after vaccination (seronegative individuals).
TRUE
98
For countries considering vaccination as part of their dengue control program, _______ is the recommended strategy
pre-vaccination screening
99
t/f: Vaccination should be considered as part of an integrated dengue prevention and control strategy.
TRUE
100
Infect the mosquito population with bacteria of the genus Wolbachia
wolbachia
101
self-perpetuating intracellular bacteria with disease blocking action
wolbachia
102
t/f: wolbachia makes humans resistant to dengue virus
false, mosquito not humans
103
t/f: there is a slow rate of spread of wolbachia in aedes populatiation
TRUE
104
Bonus: arra so pogii <3? yes or yes
yes

2SCPHLec (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions