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2SCPHLec > Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 known infectious agents

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Parasites

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2
Q

is a condition that results when a microbe can invade the body, multiply, and cause injury or disease.

A

Infection

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3
Q

Some pathogenic microbes cause infections that are communicable (able to spread from per- son to person)

A

Communicable pathogens

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4
Q

microbe that can cause disease

A

true pathogen

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5
Q

organisms that can become pathogenic once host immunity is low/is present in body location that is unusual for the microbe to be present

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

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6
Q

Microbe that is normally present in body locations; not usually causing infection

A

Microbiota/Normal Flora

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7
Q

In-charge with the investigation and control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable and have epidemic potential
An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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8
Q

4 postulates of robert koch

A
  1. present in all cases of the disease
  2. isolated from the diseased host andgrown in pure culture
  3. pathogen from the pure culture mustcause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
  4. pathogen must bereisolatedfrom the new host andshown to be the sameas the originally inoculated pathogen
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9
Q

Chain of Infection: virus, bacterium, or parasite that causes the disease in humans.

A

Pathogen

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10
Q

Chain of Infection: place where the pathogen lives and multiplies

A

Reservoir

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11
Q

Chain of Infection: way to travel from one host to another, or from a reservoir to a new host, method to travel from reservoir to susceptible individual

A

mode of transmission

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12
Q

Chain of Infection: Body part where pathogen can lodge/enter the host

A

Entry Pathways

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13
Q

Chain of Infection: Person with low/altered immunity that receives the pathogen

A

Susceptible Host

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14
Q

Chain of infection: way an infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host.

A

Exit pathway

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15
Q

exposure of infected body fluids such as blood or saliva

A

Direct contact

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16
Q

pathogens remain on surfaces that were in contact with an infected person

A

Indirect contact

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17
Q

infectious agents are found in contaminated food and water that are ingested

A

FOod and water borne

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18
Q

pathogens are spread when an infected person coughs or sne

A

Airborne

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19
Q

infectious agents are usually transmitted through a bite of an infected insect carrying the infective agents of the organisms

A

Vector borne

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20
Q

meaning of malaria

A

“bad air”

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21
Q

Malaria is caused by ____ parasites of the genus _____

A

apicomplexan parasites of genus plasmodium

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22
Q

Percentage: falciparum

A

60.80%

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23
Q

percentage: vivax

A

14.10%

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24
Q

percentage: ovale

A

3.70%

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25
Q

percentage: malariae

A

2.50%

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26
Q

Falciparum Stages in Man

A

Schizont, Trophozoite, gametocute

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27
Q

Falciparum stages in mosquito

A

zygote, ookinete, oocyst, sporozoite

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28
Q

recommended mosquito repellent contains ____% of N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)

A

20-35%

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29
Q

treat the mosquito net with the insecticide ___

A

permethrin

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30
Q

spray ___ or a similar insecticide in room

A

pyrethrin

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31
Q

ABCDE of malaria prevention: swiss cheese model

A

A - Awareness, B - Bite prevention, C- chemoprophylaxis, D - early Diagnosis and effective treatment, E - emergency standby treatment kits

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32
Q

acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated

33
Q

T/f: Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4.0 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera (1).

34
Q

up to 80% of cholera cases can be successfully treated with ______ solution

A

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

35
Q

Severe cholera cases will need rapid treatment with ___ and ___

A

IV fluids and antibiotics

36
Q

World’s longest running pandemic since 1961 was due to ___

37
Q

cholera’s infectious agent

A

bacterium vibrio cholerae

38
Q

incubation period of cholera

A

2 hours to 5 days

39
Q

bacteriu vibrio cholerae in feces can be contagious for up to ___ days

40
Q

Ebola virus is formerly known as ebola ____

A

haemorrhagic fever

41
Q

Shepherd’s crook morphology, ”U” or “6” shape

A

Ebola Virus pathogen

42
Q

4 types of ebola

A

bundibugyo, sudan, tai forest, zaire

43
Q

most dangerous of the known EVd - causing virus

A

zaire ebola virus

44
Q

animal imported in the PH from US starting the infection of ebola reston

A

cynomolgus monkeys (long-tailed macaque)

45
Q

high mortality rate among pigs in the PH led to the discovery of ___

A

ebola reston virus

46
Q

t/f: ebola reston has high pathogenicity to humans

A

false, low

47
Q

t/f: in ebola reston.Virus strain can infect humans without causing disease

48
Q

highly virulent ebola virus requiring maximum containment for lab work for biosafety level 4

49
Q

natural/reservoir host of ebola

A

bats (fruit bats)

50
Q

Human consumption of ___ has been linked to animal-to-human transmission of Ebola

51
Q

t/f: filovirus infection are not immunosuppressive

52
Q

fever of ebola virus is usually higher than ___ celcius

53
Q

death from ebola virus is often due to ___ from fluid loss which is called ___

A

low blood pressure;hypovolemic shock

54
Q

ebola virus spread by ____ with blood and other body fluids

A

direct contact

55
Q

body fluids transmitting ebola

A

saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, breast milk, urine, and semen

56
Q

according to WHO, only people who are very sick are able to spread ebola disease through ___ and through ___

A

saliva and large droplets

57
Q

___% of the cases of Ebola infections in Guinea during the 2014 outbreak are believed to have been contracted via unprotected contacts with infected ___ during Guinean burial rituals.

A

69%;corpse

58
Q

t/f: The virus is able to survive on objects for a few days in a dried state, and can survive for a few hours within body fluids outside of a person.

A

false, few hours on dried, few days within fluids

59
Q

t/f: In women who have been infectedwhilepregnant, the virus persists in the placenta, amniotic fluid and fetus

60
Q

t/f: In women who have been infectedwhile breastfeeding, the virus does not persist in breast milk.

A

false, it persist

61
Q

in ebola, August 2014, the WHO reported that ___ percent of the dead have been healthcare workers

62
Q

___ has the Highest mortality rate of all the viral hemorrhagic fevers

63
Q

mortality rate of ebola

64
Q

average case fatility rate of ebola

65
Q

The largest outbreak to date was the Ebola virus epidemic in _____, which caused a large number of deaths in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia

A

west africa

66
Q

in the 2013 - 2017 west african outbreak, On ____ date the WHO declared the epidemic an international public health emergency

A

August 8 2014

67
Q

in the 2013 - 2017 west african outbreak, On ____ date the WHO declared the end of the outbreak

A

July 2 2017

68
Q

On _____ the World Health Organization reported that “the Democratic Republic of Congo reported 39 suspected, probable or confirmed cases of Ebola between April 4 and May 13, including 19 deaths. Continuous outbreak…

A

May 14, 2018

69
Q

the first known outbreak of EVD (Sudan virus)

A

sudan outbreak in 1976

70
Q

second outbreak (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Zaire ebolavirus)

A

Zaire Outbreak in 1976

71
Q

the first person infected with the ebola disease was the village’s ____ who was originally believed to have malaria

A

headmaster

72
Q

4 methods of diagnosis of ebola

A

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Electron Microscopy
Virus Isolation by Cell Culture

73
Q

specimens for diagnosis of ebola

A

whole blood, oral fluid specimen

74
Q

laboratory findings for ebola:

A

low WBC count, platelet count, elevated liver enzymes

75
Q

routine diagnostic management for ebola

A

Automated or semi-automated nucleic acid tests (NAT)/ PCR

76
Q

t/f: there is no specific antiviral therapies available yet

77
Q

3 treatments available for ebola

A

Maintaining renal function and electrolyte balance
Supportive care-rehydration with oral or IV fluids
Combating hemorrhage and shock

78
Q

what is the experimental ebola vaccine

A

rVSV - ZEBOV

79
Q

returning travelers and healthcare workers shoudl follow local policies for surveillance and monitor health for ___ days

2SCPHLec (13 decks)

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