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Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 known infectious agents

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Parasites

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2
Q

is a condition that results when a microbe can invade the body, multiply, and cause injury or disease.

A

Infection

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3
Q

Some pathogenic microbes cause infections that are communicable (able to spread from per- son to person)

A

Communicable pathogens

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4
Q

microbe that can cause disease

A

true pathogen

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5
Q

organisms that can become pathogenic once host immunity is low/is present in body location that is unusual for the microbe to be present

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

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6
Q

Microbe that is normally present in body locations; not usually causing infection

A

Microbiota/Normal Flora

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7
Q

In-charge with the investigation and control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable and have epidemic potential
An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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8
Q

4 postulates of robert koch

A
  1. present in all cases of the disease
  2. isolated from the diseased host andgrown in pure culture
  3. pathogen from the pure culture mustcause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
  4. pathogen must bereisolatedfrom the new host andshown to be the sameas the originally inoculated pathogen
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9
Q

Chain of Infection: virus, bacterium, or parasite that causes the disease in humans.

A

Pathogen

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10
Q

Chain of Infection: place where the pathogen lives and multiplies

A

Reservoir

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11
Q

Chain of Infection: way to travel from one host to another, or from a reservoir to a new host, method to travel from reservoir to susceptible individual

A

mode of transmission

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12
Q

Chain of Infection: Body part where pathogen can lodge/enter the host

A

Entry Pathways

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13
Q

Chain of Infection: Person with low/altered immunity that receives the pathogen

A

Susceptible Host

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14
Q

Chain of infection: way an infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host.

A

Exit pathway

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15
Q

exposure of infected body fluids such as blood or saliva

A

Direct contact

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16
Q

pathogens remain on surfaces that were in contact with an infected person

A

Indirect contact

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17
Q

infectious agents are found in contaminated food and water that are ingested

A

FOod and water borne

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18
Q

pathogens are spread when an infected person coughs or sne

A

Airborne

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19
Q

infectious agents are usually transmitted through a bite of an infected insect carrying the infective agents of the organisms

A

Vector borne

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20
Q

meaning of malaria

A

“bad air”

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21
Q

Malaria is caused by ____ parasites of the genus _____

A

apicomplexan parasites of genus plasmodium

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22
Q

Percentage: falciparum

A

60.80%

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23
Q

percentage: vivax

A

14.10%

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24
Q

percentage: ovale

A

3.70%

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25
percentage: malariae
2.50%
26
Falciparum Stages in Man
Schizont, Trophozoite, gametocute
27
Falciparum stages in mosquito
zygote, ookinete, oocyst, sporozoite
28
recommended mosquito repellent contains ____% of N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)
20-35%
29
treat the mosquito net with the insecticide ___
permethrin
30
spray ___ or a similar insecticide in room
pyrethrin
31
ABCDE of malaria prevention: swiss cheese model
A - Awareness, B - Bite prevention, C- chemoprophylaxis, D - early Diagnosis and effective treatment, E - emergency standby treatment kits
32
acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated
cholera
33
T/f: Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4.0 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera (1).
TRUE
34
up to 80% of cholera cases can be successfully treated with ______ solution
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
35
Severe cholera cases will need rapid treatment with ___ and ___
IV fluids and antibiotics
36
World's longest running pandemic since 1961 was due to ___
cholera
37
cholera's infectious agent
bacterium vibrio cholerae
38
incubation period of cholera
2 hours to 5 days
39
bacteriu vibrio cholerae in feces can be contagious for up to ___ days
14 days
40
Ebola virus is formerly known as ebola ____
haemorrhagic fever
41
Shepherd’s crook morphology, ”U” or “6” shape
Ebola Virus pathogen
42
4 types of ebola
bundibugyo, sudan, tai forest, zaire
43
most dangerous of the known EVd - causing virus
zaire ebola virus
44
animal imported in the PH from US starting the infection of ebola reston
cynomolgus monkeys (long-tailed macaque)
45
high mortality rate among pigs in the PH led to the discovery of ___
ebola reston virus
46
t/f: ebola reston has high pathogenicity to humans
false, low
47
t/f: in ebola reston.Virus strain can infect humans without causing disease
TRUE
48
highly virulent ebola virus requiring maximum containment for lab work for biosafety level 4
filovirus
49
natural/reservoir host of ebola
bats (fruit bats)
50
Human consumption of ___ has been linked to animal-to-human transmission of Ebola
bushmeat
51
t/f: filovirus infection are not immunosuppressive
FALSE
52
fever of ebola virus is usually higher than ___ celcius
38.3
53
death from ebola virus is often due to ___ from fluid loss which is called ___
low blood pressure;hypovolemic shock
54
ebola virus spread by ____ with blood and other body fluids
direct contact
55
body fluids transmitting ebola
saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, breast milk, urine, and semen
56
according to WHO, only people who are very sick are able to spread ebola disease through ___ and through ___
saliva and large droplets
57
___% of the cases of Ebola infections in Guinea during the 2014 outbreak are believed to have been contracted via unprotected contacts with infected ___ during Guinean burial rituals.
69%;corpse
58
t/f: The virus is able to survive on objects for a few days in a dried state, and can survive for a few hours within body fluids outside of a person.
false, few hours on dried, few days within fluids
59
t/f: In women who have been infected while pregnant, the virus persists in the placenta, amniotic fluid and fetus
TRUE
60
t/f: In women who have been infected while breastfeeding, the virus does not persist in breast milk.
false, it persist
61
in ebola, August 2014, the WHO reported that ___ percent of the dead have been healthcare workers
10
62
___ has the Highest mortality rate of all the viral hemorrhagic fevers
ebola
63
mortality rate of ebola
25-90%
64
average case fatility rate of ebola
50%
65
The largest outbreak to date was the Ebola virus epidemic in _____, which caused a large number of deaths in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia
west africa
66
in the 2013 - 2017 west african outbreak, On ____ date the WHO declared the epidemic an international public health emergency
August 8 2014
67
in the 2013 - 2017 west african outbreak, On ____ date the WHO declared the end of the outbreak
July 2 2017
68
On _____ the World Health Organization reported that "the Democratic Republic of Congo reported 39 suspected, probable or confirmed cases of Ebola between April 4 and May 13, including 19 deaths. Continuous outbreak…
May 14, 2018
69
the first known outbreak of EVD (Sudan virus)
sudan outbreak in 1976
70
second outbreak (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Zaire ebolavirus)
Zaire Outbreak in 1976
71
the first person infected with the ebola disease was the village's ____ who was originally believed to have malaria
headmaster
72
4 methods of diagnosis of ebola
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)  Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay Electron Microscopy Virus Isolation by Cell Culture
73
specimens for diagnosis of ebola
whole blood, oral fluid specimen
74
laboratory findings for ebola:
low WBC count, platelet count, elevated liver enzymes
75
routine diagnostic management for ebola
Automated or semi-automated nucleic acid tests (NAT)/ PCR
76
t/f: there is no specific antiviral therapies available yet
TRUE
77
3 treatments available for ebola
Maintaining renal function and electrolyte balance Supportive care-rehydration with oral or IV fluids Combating hemorrhage and shock
78
what is the experimental ebola vaccine
rVSV - ZEBOV
79
returning travelers and healthcare workers shoudl follow local policies for surveillance and monitor health for ___ days
21 days

2SCPHLec (13 decks)

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