Future of Public Health Flashcards
public health activities should aim to ___ resources equitably, act on ___ determinants of health, synthesize ___ and provide ____ to health services and professionals and health policy
allocate ; upstream ; evidence ; guidance
t/f: the role of Public Health is closely linked to the efforts for achieving health equity.
TRUE
As outline in a recent WHO report, what are the 5 key areas of intervention for achieving health equity
health services
income security and social protection
living conditions
social and human capital
employment and working conditions
increased or decreased: child mortality
decreased
increased or decreased: maternal mortality
decreased
increased or decreased: life expectancy
increased
t/f: we are seeing convergence due to child mortality decline
TRUE
share of children (born alive) dying before they are five years old
child mortality
number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births.
maternal moratlity rate
t/f: rich countries have worse health than poor countries
FALSE
corresponds to an estimate of the average number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life
life expectancy
t/f: in low income countries, the ave. number of years that a newborn infant can expect to live is much lower than in high income countries
TRUE
life expectancy ranges from jsut ___ years in the poorest and over ___ in the richest
50: poorest ; 80: richest
t/f: child mortality is higher in low income countries
TRUE
in many countries in sub saharan africa, more than __% of children die before 5 years and in rich countries it is below __%
10% ; 1%
used ot measure the total burden of disease both from years of life list and years lived with a disability
DALYs
t/f: one daly equals 5 lost years of healthy life
false, 1
variable that combines mortality patterns with data on the prevalence of disability and illness
burden of diseases
t/f: HIV/AIDS and Malaria cannot be prevented
false, they are preventable
t/f: 3 diseases that ranks high among the leading causes of death in low income countries
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Diarrhea
repeated bouts of diarrhea during childhood that permanently impair both physical and cognitive development are attributed to ___
lack of access to clean water
2 cheap miracle drugs for having lack of access to clean water, and these are key ingredients of ___ solutions
chlorine for purifying water
salt and sugar
oral re-hydration solutions
t/f: small fraction of health care services in poor countries are purchased directly by households with out of pocket resources
false, large fraction
SDG: addresses global public health directly, but many of the other goals are health-adjacent, impacting global health in a variety of ways.
SDG 3
what is SDG 3
Good health and well being
____ impose a large burden on human health. accounts for ___% of all deaths worldwide
NCDs , 63%
4 major NCDs
CVDs, Chronic Respiratory, Cancerns, Diabetes
SDG 3 aspires to ensure health and well-being for all, including a bold commitment to end the epidemics of ___, ___, ___ and other communicable diseases by 2030.
AIDS, TB, Malaria
t/f: SDG 5 aims to achieve universal health coverage, provide acces to safe and effective medicines, and vaccines
false, SDG 3
SDG 3: Improving global ____ health and reducing mother and child mortality rates
reproductive
SDG 3: Ending pandemic and communicable diseases and reducing mortalities from ____ diseases
noncommunicable
SDG 3: Bolstering efforts to prevent and treat ___ ____
substance abuse
SDG 3: Providing ___health coverage and access to sexual and reproductive services
universal
SDG 3: Reducing death and illness caused by chemicals and ___
pollution
SDG 3: Supporting___research and development
medical
5 global health adjacent goals
1, 2, 6, 10, 14
SDG: In a recent position paper, the American Association of Family Physicians drew a direct line from poverty to poor health. The impact of poverty on life, beginning even before birth, can be felt for generations.
SDG 1: no poverty
SDG: The American Psychological Association says that children who experience food deficiencies and extreme hunger are much more likely to suffer from chronic health issues.
SDG 2: Zero hunger
SDG: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Program (WASH) developed by UNICEF highlights the importance of clean water and sanitation,
SDG 6: clean water and sanitation
SDG: When health services are not distributed equally, marginalized populations and those with higher poverty rates are more likely to not receive sufficient medical care.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequality
SDG: The World Wildlife Organization reports that contaminated and overfished water and polluted fisheries contribute to the decline in available seafood, a significant animal protein food source for at least 3 billion people.
SDG 14: Life Below Water
steady drumbeat of troubling information about climate impacts, which some call ____
climate doomerism
t/f: Low-income communities tend to face more exposure to extreme heat, flooding, and pollution.
TRUE
t/f: low income They may lack access to air conditioning, quality healthcare, or insurance to rebuild after disasters.
TRUE
t/f: Communities of color are disproportionately exposed to toxic air pollution from the fossil fuel industry.
TRUE
clinical germ line genome editing
CRISPR
Clinical Scientist who genetically edited babies
He Jiankui
director of the center for emerging infectious diseases at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, nicknamed ___
Shi Zhengli, bat woman
since 1854, ___% of all industrial carbon pollution has been produced by just 5 companies
12.50%
the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs
AI
t/f: artificial intelligence can be used in disease surveillance
TRUE
t/f: AI can Automate the process of disease surveillance and less reliance on human labor.
TRUE
t/f: AI can Make process more slower(realtime) and predictive surveillance can occur.
false, expedited
t/f: an advantage of Ai is that it can Allow for data to come from a much wider variety of sources than traditional systems
TRUE
t/f: an advantage of AI is that it keeps results of data to be disseminated from public health officials and the general public on a wider and faster basis.
false, dissiminates
t/f: a disadvantage of AI is that Data gathered from Internet sources used to feed a digital surveillance system.
false, advantage
Systems such as “____” have predicted flu outbreaks earlier than traditional disease surveillance systems.
google flu trends
t/f: AI have the capacity to replace traditional surveillance systems
false, must be extension only
Strategic Planning for public health includes (5)
- strong leadership and accountability
- reemergence of vaccine preventable illnesses
- food security
- coordinate multisector partnerships
- improve life expectancy
t/f: Government has its own limitations and cannot do it alone
TRUE
t/f: there is no need for intersectoral engagement with appropriate partnership
with government.
FALSE
