Unit 3- Chapter 11 Flashcards
Antibodies are protective against:
A reinfection of the same pathogen
After first infection, what do antibody-producing plasma cells turn into?
Memory B cells
What causes a faster response upon subsequent exposure
Memory T cells- ready to respond and help B cells
What gives memory cells a distinct advantage?
They outnumber naive counterparts
Are easily activated
Have antibody improvements
What allowed protective immunity from smallpox?
A related animal virus
Memory cells have no:
Consistent antigens
Stromal cells in bone marrow give:
Necessary survival signals
What happens in Primary infections for B cell memory
Affinity maturation and isotype switching
Memory B cells circulate where?
In lymph and blood
What happens in secondary infections for memory B cells
Naive B cells are inhibited
Memory B cells are activated
Lymph nodes swell
Affinity maturation
Steps for B cell in primary response
Naive B cells bind to pathogen
It is activated and becomes an antibody producing plasma cell
Production of low-affinity IgM antibodies
What happens to naive B cells in 2ndary response
Naive B cell binds pathogen coated with specific antibody
A negative signal is given to the naive B cell to prevent its activation
No production of low-affinity IgM antibodies
What happens to Memory B cells in 2ndary response?
Memory B cell binds to pathogen
B cell is activated and becomes an antibody-producing plasma cell
Production of high-affinity IgG
Maturation in primary infection for T cells
NO affinity maturation
Greater number of T cells recirculates through:
Lymphoid organs and body tissues
In 2ndary infection, T cells are reactivated where?
At the site of infection
No costimulation required
Secondary infections for T cells
What cells are activated
Dendritic cells
Red blood cell antigen
Rhesus D (RhD)
What happens if mother’s RhD is negative and baby’s is positive?
1st pregnancy- Baby’s RhD triggers a primary response
2nd pregnancy- mother’s immune system will attack and reject the blood of the baby
What happens when the mother’s immune system rejects her baby’s blood?
Antibodies coat the blood antigen
Causes severe hemolytic anemia
Ways to prevent mother’s immune system attacking the 2nd baby
Gamma globulin shots - protects the baby’s RBC
Passive immunization- transferring antibodies
Review slide 17
Slide 17
Immune system becomes more refined with:
Additional exposures
Original antigenic sin
The first response to a mutating pathogen affects all of the other future responses
