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Immunology > Exam 2- Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Exam 2- Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

TCR

A

A membrane-bound glycoprotein that has 2 polypeptide chains- TCR alpha and TCR Beta

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2
Q

TCR regions (2)

A

Variable (V) and constant (C)

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3
Q

T-Cell Receptor diversity is generated similar to:

A

Immunoglobulin but without later hypermutation or switching

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4
Q

What type of receptor is TCR?

A

Simple

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5
Q

TCR gene regulation occurs where?

A

In the thymus

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6
Q

When TCR rearrangement does not operate correctly, what is the result?

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

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7
Q

TCR expressed on the surface has:

A

Helper membrane proteins- (CD3 complex)

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8
Q

What assist the TCR with intercellular signaling?

A

CD3 proteins and an additional zeta chain

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9
Q

T cells are either ______ or _____

A

Alpha:beta T cells

Or Gamma:delta T cells

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10
Q

Second class TCR

A

TCR game:delta

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11
Q

T cells that are more complex and not understood

A

Gamma:delta T cells

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12
Q

TCR Anitgen presentation

A

Display of peptide antigens on the cell surface to be recognized by TCR- a person eating at a diner

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13
Q

Production of peptide antigens within human cells

A

Antigen processing

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14
Q

Antigen processing is generated by:

A

degrading pathogens

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15
Q

Cells involved in antigen processing

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells— these are the chefs

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16
Q

What is the antigen presentation on?

A

Major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC) (The silver platter)

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17
Q

MHC class that presents antigens from intracellular pathogens, like viruses

A

MHC Class 1

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18
Q

MHC Class 1- what breaks down the virus?

A

Proteases es

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19
Q

In MHC class 1s, where are the degraded peptides delivered to?

A

To the ER

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20
Q

________ bind to MHC Class 1 for presentation

A

Peptides

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21
Q

MHC class 1 is present where?

A

All cells except RBC and is limited on neurons

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22
Q

Why is MHC class 1 only limited on neurons?

A

Class 1 presentations result in apoptosis. We do not want our nerve cells to die

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23
Q

Why are there no MHC class 1 in RBC?

A

RBC have such a short life span, there really is no point

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24
Q

MHC class that presents antigens from extracellular pathogens, like phagocytosed bacteria

A

MHC class II

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25
Q

What is broken down in MHC class II receptors?

A

Phagocytosed pathogens

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26
Q

Where to peptides bind to MHC Class II?

A

In endosomal vesicles

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27
Q

Where are MHC class II presented?

A

Only on phagocytic cells

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28
Q

MHC class I molecules are recognized by what?

A

Cytotoxic T cells (expressing CD8 molecules)

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29
Q

What do MHC class I molecules defend against?

A

Intracellular infections

30
Q

MHC class II molecules are recognized by:

A

Helper T cells (expressing CD4 molecules)

31
Q

What do MHC class II molecules defend against?

A

Extracellular infections

32
Q

CD8 cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

33
Q

What do CD8 cells do?

A

Kill cells that are infected with an intracellular virus, bacteria, or other pathogen

34
Q

What do CD4 cells do

A

Activate macrophages to increase phagocytosis and activate B cells to produce effector antibodies

35
Q

Co-receptors assist with:

A

Binding of T cell to target cell

36
Q

Structure of MHC class I

A

Has 3 alphas and 1 beta microglobulin

37
Q

Structure of MHC class II

A

2 betas and 2 alphas

38
Q

What does CD8 bind to?

A

The Alpha 3 domain of MHC class I

39
Q

What does CD4 bind to?

A

The beta 2 domain of MHC class II

40
Q

What happens when MHC binding occurs?

A

There are extra co-receptors to make sure it is binding to the right place.

41
Q

What restricts what peptides are presented?

A

Noncovalent binding to peptides

42
Q

MHC binding specificity

A

It will bind to many peptides- very promiscuous

43
Q

Incorrectly made proteins in the cytoplasm are:

A

Degrades by intracellular proteases

44
Q

What happens when viruses invade a cell?

A

They are degraded by intracellular proteases in the cytosol

45
Q

In a healthy cell, MHC class I will present:

A

Only host proteins

46
Q

In a viral infected cell, MHC Class I will present:

A

Both host and viral proteins

47
Q

For MHC class II, what are the pathogens brought into the cell by?

A

Phagocytic vesicles

48
Q

What happens within phagocytic vesicles

A

Pathogens are degrades and then bind to MHC class II

49
Q

When an extracellular infection is occurring, MHC class II presents:

A

Pathogenic peptides

50
Q

MHC class I proteins are broken down by:

A

Proteasomes in the cytosol

51
Q

Large barrel-shaped complexes that recognize proteins intended for degradation

A

Proteasomes

52
Q

What varies peptide production for better fit to MHC class I?

A

Immunoproteosome

53
Q

Antigenic peptides are transported into the ________ through:

A

ER

Through a transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)

54
Q

Where are the MHC class I molecules synthesized?

A

In the ER

55
Q

Chaperones that fold and load MHC class I

A

Calnexin

Tapas in

56
Q

What does Calnexin do?

A

Folds MHC class I molecules

57
Q

What does Tapasin do?

A

Loads MHC class I with non-self peptides

58
Q

MHC class II peptides- what breaks down the contents of phagosomes?

A

Lysosomes

59
Q

Vesicles with peptides fuse with:

A

Vesicles containing the MHC class II molecules

60
Q

Upon fusion between peptides and MHC class II molecules, what happens?

A

Peptides are loaded into the MHC class II molecules

61
Q

What blocks the binding site of MHC class II molecules?

A

Invariant chain

62
Q

What happens to the invariant chain?

A

It is cleaved leaving the CLIP in the groove

63
Q

What molecule pulls the CLIP out of the groove so the peptide can bind?

A

HLA-DM

64
Q

How often can peptides be transferred from MHC class II to class I

A

Rarely

65
Q

Transfer of MHC class II to class I

A

Cross-presentation

66
Q

MHC molecules were Originally recognized in :

A

The rejection of organ transplant

67
Q

MHC molecules are also called

A

Human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA complex)

68
Q

No MHC gene rearrangement during:

A

Processing

69
Q

What are considered for transplants?

A

Compatibility

70
Q

What occurs between MHC and TCR?

A

Twofold recognition

Immunology (10 decks)

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