Exam 2- Chapter 8

Question 1

How does a T cell respond to an MHC molecule on another cell?

Answer 1

By proliferating and differentiating to become an effector T cell

Question 2

Where do T cells recognize specific antigens presented?

Answer 2

In secondary lymphoid organs

Question 3

What happens after T cells recognize specific antigens?

Answer 3

The T cells are activated and begin to build their army

Question 4

Function of Dendritic cells

Answer 4

Capture some of the invading antigen and take it to the secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 5

Where do dendritic cells present the antigen?

Answer 5

On their surface with MHC receptors

Question 6

Where do dendritic cells carry antigens from a skin infection?

From blood infections?

From resp. GI and repro tracts?

Answer 6

Skin- lymph nodes

Blood- Spleen

Resp, GI and repro- MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

Question 7

Where are immature dendritic cells located?

Answer 7

In the skin and peripheral tissues

Question 8

Mature (activated) dendritic cells are located:

Answer 8

In the lymph nodes — the dendrites elongate here

Question 9

How do macrophages help dendritic cells?

Answer 9

They add an effector function by breaking down the pathogens

Question 10

Receptor-mediated internalization of small volumes of extracellular fluid. Receptor mediated

Answer 10

Micropinocytosis

Question 11

Nonspecific ingestion of larger volumes.

Answer 11

Macropinocytosis

Question 12

Processing via MCH Class II pathway is to be seen by

Answer 12

Naive T cells

Question 13

Dendritic cells that use micropinocytosis

Answer 13

They bring up smaller but more specific volumes.

Question 14

What MHC class is used with pinocytosis? Why?

Answer 14

Class II, because it is drawing up the component voluntarily.

Question 15

T cells enter lymph nodes through:

Answer 15

Blood and bind to endothelial cells inside

Question 16

Where do T cells encounter dendritic cells presenting antigens?

Answer 16

In the bottleneck

Question 17

How does a T cell find its antigen?

Answer 17

T cell receptor examines and touches each dendritic cells to see if there is a match. Takes a little time

It is also checking every MHC presented

Question 18

2 routes a naive T cell can take

Answer 18

In the blood or in the afferent lymph coming from an upstream lymph node

Question 19

Intracellular signals are set off by:

Answer 19

The TCR and MHC: peptide complex as well as a secondary costimulatory signal (most important)

Question 20

What activates naive T cells

Answer 20

Signals from TCR, co-receptors and co stimulatory receptors

Question 21

What assists with T cell proliferation/differentiation?

Answer 21

IL-2- uses auto rinse and paracrine activity

Question 22

What happens to self reactive T cells

Answer 22

They lack co stimulation, leads to anergic

Question 23

State when T cells cannot become activated, divide, differentiate or even respond

Answer 23

Anergy

Question 24

Categories of CD4 T cells

Answer 24

TH1 cells

TH2 cells

Treg cells

Question 25

Type of CD4 T cells that help macrophages respond to intracellular infections and induce cytotoxic T cell responses

Answer 25

TH1 Cells

Question 26

What do TH2 cells do

Answer 26

Induce antibody response rather than inflammation

Fight against extracellular parasites

Question 27

What do Treg cells do

Answer 27

Control and regulate the CD8 and CD4 T cells
Keep the immune response under control
Decrease immune response down when no longer needed

Question 28

What happens to T cells after differentiation

Answer 28

They detach from dendritic cells and enter circulation to infection sites

Question 29

T cells that bind to and kill any cell infected with a virus

Answer 29

Effector cytotoxic (CD8) T cells

Question 30

T cells that recognize MHC class II molecules on every cell to activate the presenting cell

Answer 30

Effector helper (CD4) T cells

Question 31

2 main types of cytokines in the T cell effector response

Answer 31

Cytokines that change the target cell behavior internally (apoptosis)

And cytokines that kill the target cells (cytotoxins)

Question 32

Where are cytotoxins stored?

Answer 32

In lyric granules

Question 33

How do cytokines act?

Answer 33

In a local and close contact situations

Question 34

What will happen to apoptosis cells

Answer 34

Leaves a shriveled compact cell

Phagocytosed by clean up cells

Question 35

What triggers the apoptosis pathway?

Answer 35

Granules delivered by a cytokines T cell

Question 36

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells are ______ killers

Answer 36

Selective

Question 37

The cytotoxic T cells can kill?

Answer 37

Several successive target cells

Question 38

CD4 cells activating other effector cells

Answer 38

Macrophages

Question 39

How do CD4 helper T cells change the macrophage?

Answer 39

They improve phagocytosis

Improve fusion with lysosomes

Increase the production of antimicrobial enzymes

Question 40

What do TFH cells do?

Answer 40

Activate the B cells to produce antibodies more effectively