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Immunology > Exam 2- Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Exam 2- Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

B cells are kept in (SMALL/LARGE) amounts

A

Small

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2
Q

Source of B cells

A

Bone marrow stem cells

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3
Q

Phase 1 of B Cell development

A

B cell precursors acquire antigen receptors and go through rearrangement

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4
Q

Phase 2 of B cell development

A

Negative selection

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5
Q

Phase 3 of B cell development

A

Positive selection

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6
Q

Phase 4 of B cell development

A

B cells patrol for pathogens

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7
Q

Phase 5 for B cell development

A

B cell activation (results in proliferation and colonial expansion)

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8
Q

Phase 6 of B cell development

A

B cell differentiation (results in production of effector cells and memory cells)

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9
Q

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells give rise to:

A

B / T cells

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10
Q

B cell precursors

A

Pro-B cells

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11
Q

What type of gene rearrangement takes place with Pro-B cells?

A

Heavy chain gene rearrangement

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12
Q

What type of B cells undergo light chain gene rearrangements?

A

Pre-B cells

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13
Q

What happens when gene rearrangements are completed?

A

Pre-B cell becomes an immature B cell

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14
Q

Receptor types on a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

A

CD34

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15
Q

Receptor types on a common lymphoid progenitor

A

CD34 and CD10

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16
Q

Receptor types on a B cell precursor

A

CD34
CD10
And CD127

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17
Q

Receptor types on a pro-B cell

A

CD34
CD10
CD127
And CD19

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18
Q

Cells that assist with B cell maturation- act as the parents

A

Stromal cells

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19
Q

How long to stromal cells help B cells mature?

A

Until they are mature enough to leave the bone marrow.

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20
Q

How do stromal cells interact with B cells?

A

Through adhesion molecules

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21
Q

What growth factor does the stromal cell produce to help B cell mature?

A

IL-7

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22
Q

Where do B cells travel to after they leave the bone marrow?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, peyer’s patches)

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23
Q

Pro-B cells have to rearrange themselves into:

A

Productive rearrangement (antibody)

24
Q

If the pro-B cell has an incorrect arrangement, it is called:

What happens if it cannot get to productive?

A

Non-productive arrangement

Will undergo apoptosis and die

25
Percentage of cells that survive heavy chain rearrangement
50%
26
B cells have ___#___ functional immunoglobulin
1
27
What happens after the first functional immunoglobulin is completed?
Rearrangement and transcription is halted to prevent formation of additional immunoglobulins
28
Choosing one allele over another:
Allelic exclusion
29
Allelic exclusion gives homogenous B-Cell receptors only with”
High avidity binding (single specificity)
30
Percent of B cells that have a successful light chain rearrangement
85%
31
Completed B cell receptors trigger a signal to shut down what?
The other light chain rearrangement
32
First bone marrow checkpoint checks for:
Formation of a functional heavy chain
33
Second checkpoint in the bone marrow checks for:
Formation of a. Functional light chain
34
What happens to B cells once they pass both check points?
They become immature B cells
35
What cells act as the checkpoints?
Stromal cells
36
What B cells bind to self-antigens
Self reactive or auto reactive
37
Healthy B cells mature and have what presented on the surface?
IgM and IgD
38
To eliminate self reactive B cells, what must happen?
They are presented to self-antigens on stromal cells in the bone marrow. Only those negative for self may eventually leave the bone marrow
39
Percentage of immature B cells that have affinity for self antigens
75%
40
Out of 100 p/or B cells, how many make it out alive?
10
41
What happens if immature B cells self react?
They are directed to rearrange the light chain to change the specificity of the B cell receptor
42
Type of editing done to change the specificity of the B cell
Receptor editing
43
What happens if receptor editing is not successful in making a B cell non-self-reactive?
Colonial deletion- cell dies if it is not changed enough
44
How many chances does a B cell get to rearrange?
4 full chances- can be used at any time (So, if it rearranges 3 times during heavy editing, it only has one more chance before it has to die).
45
What happens if an immature B cell binds to a soluble self antigen after they leave the bone marrow?
They become anergic (lethargic)- they are unreceptive to anything out there
46
Type of tolerance in primary lymphoid organs, where self reactive cells die- controlled by stromal cells
Central tolerance
47
Type of tolerance in peripheral lymphoid organs, where the self reactive cells become anergic
Peripheral tolerance
48
When does maturation occur in immature B cells?
When they enter the secondary lymphoid tissues—- they are still immature while in the blood until they reach them. They don’t know which lymphoid follicle they want, and will keep going from one to another until they find the right one. That is when they will become mature.
49
Between immature and mature B cells—- they are considered this as their circulate the system
Naive B cells
50
What displays antigens off of lymph nodes, looking to lure in B cells?
Stromal cells
51
Antigen matching results in:
Proliferation and differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells
52
When B cells match an antigen, they are activated by: The B cell will then secrete:
CD4 helper T cells IgM antibody
53
Activated B cells migrate to:
A germinal center in a lymph node (centroblasts)
54
Why do lymph nodes swell?
Because a B cell found a match, so they are not making more B cells inside the lymph node.
55
What develop after the effector immune response subsides?
Memory cells develop
56
Memory B cells have a (LOW/HIGH) affinity, and are what type of antibodies?
High Isotype switched antibodies
57
Memory B cells last how long?
They persist throughout a person’s lifetime. They are easily stimulated into plasma cells upon re-exposure to their antigen

Immunology (10 decks)

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