Unit 3 - 3.1 through 3.4 Flashcards
Who defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1571 in a great naval conflict known as the Battle of Lepanto?
The Navies of Spain and Venice
What two problems did the Safavid Empire have?
Lack of navy and lack of natural defenses
The Ottoman Empire had what main religion?
Islam
How long did the Ottoman Empire last?
A long time (1300s to 1922)
Mughal Empire
Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Safavid Empire
Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.
Shah is a Persian word for
king
Printing Press in Europe
15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself.
Who was Akbar the Great?
He is considered to be their greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire in India. Responsible for the expansion, stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.
Who was Quianlong?
a ruler of the Manchu (Qing) dynasty who helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. He brought much prosperity that he cancelled taxes 4 times
Who was Askia the Great?
A Muslim leader who led the Songhai Empire to the height of its power.
Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
The founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate which lasted from 1603 to 1867 and reunified Japan.
Daimyo
A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai
Janissaries
Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.
Devshirme
Ottoman policy of enslaving boys from Christian regions to be trained as Muslim soldiers or bureaucrats
Louis XIV
(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, absolute monarch completely controlled France. One of his accomplishments was the palace at Versailles.
Divine Right
A belief that rulers receive their authority directly from God.
Sikhism
a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. The book says this faith is a syncretic religion created by a mix of Buddhist and Hindu beliefs but this is not what Sikhs believe.
Shari’ah
Religious code drawn up after Muhammad’s death; provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives.
Jesuits
Group of priests focused on missionary work & and service to the poor. Founded as part of the counter-reformation.
Indulgence
a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. These could be purchased.
30 Years War
War resulting from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire. (1618-1648)
In the Americas, most of the people in the Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies converted to which religion?
Roman Catholocism
Boyars
Russian nobles who were at the top of the Russian Social Hierarchy
The year of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
1517
Martin Luther
a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic church. He wrote 95 statements of belief attacking the church practices.
The Protestant Reformation was a movement to reform what?
the Catholic Church. People split off and formed new churches during the 1500s.
In 1593, King Henry IV in France converted to Catholicism in an attempt to
unify France
What religion did many Gunpowder Empires share?
Islam
Simony
The selling of church offices
John Calvin broke with the Catholic Church in 1530. He believed in predestination. What is this?
The elect were predestined to go to heaven. Essentially, a person was born with a determined destination after death.
When Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife because she only gave birth to daughters, what did the pope say?
No.
What religion did Henry VIII found?
The Anglican Church or Church of England
Holy Synod
Founded by Peter the Great to replace the patriach, the Russian Orthodox’s equivalent of the Pope.
Empiricism
An early scientific method pioneered by Francis Bacon - insisting that hypotheses need demonstrable evidence to support them.
What was the Peace of Westphalia?
Every area of the former Holy Roman Empire could choose one of three religious options - Catholocism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.
What ended the Thirty Years War?
The Peace of Westphalia
What was the Edict of Nantes?
An edict from France’s King Henry IV allowing Huguenots (protestants) to practice their faith.
What was the Council of Trent?
A conference of Roman Catholic leaders from 1545 to 1563 that was intended to correct the worst of the Church’s abuses
Who collected taxes for the Mughals?
Zamindars
Who collected taxes for the Ottoman Empire?
Tax Farmers
The Ming Empire used paper money like its predecessors, but why did it convert to rice and then silver coins?
Counterfeiting
