6.2 State Expansion Flashcards
Quinine
A medication that treats malaria. Discovery of quinine reduced the danger of living warm, humid climates.
corvée laborers
Unpaid laborers who worked road construction projects as a form of taxation. When the Suez Canal was constructed, thousands of corvée laborers lost their lives.
Suez Canal
A 100 mile long canal constructed to connect the Mediterranean and Red Sea, avoiding a trip around the entire continent of Africa.
Sierra Leone
A British colony established for freed slaves from the British Empire.
In 1830, the French drove the Ottoman Empire out of Algeria and made it a settler colony. What is a settler colony?
A settler colony is a colony where foreign settlers move to and permanently reside in their non-native land in order to strengthen the dominance of a colonial power. In Algeria, French and other European immigrants made Algeria, an African country, their new home.
What was the “Scramble for Africa”?
A competition between European countries to colonize parts of Africa.
The Berlin Conference
A meeting arranged by Otto von Bismarck for European leaders to meet and agree upon the division of Africa for colonizers.
During the Napoleonic Wars, who replaced the Dutch in Cape Colony?
The British
The Boer Wars
Between 1880-1881 and 1899-1902, the British Army and the former Dutch settlers along with Africans foought over African land. The British won. The losers were sent to concentration camps where living conditions were so awful many people died of starvation. While the white people suffering in concentration camps received some attention and improvement, black people interred in the camps were doomed to starvation in horrible conditions. About 15 percent of black people died in South African concentration camps.
King Leopold II of Belgium oversaw the invasion and pacification of what area of Africa?
The Congo in Central Africa
What was the difference between the colonial structure of The Congo vs. other African colonies?
King Leopold personally owned the entire colony. He used Belgian officials to exploit the people and the resources of the Congo Free State, stealing almost 1.1 billion dollars from this area and its people.
By 1900, only two African countries had not been colonized by European powers. What were they?
Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia)
Liberia - a country founded by former U.S. slaves. Because the U.S. helped Liberia, it could not be colonized by European powers.
The Seven Years War drove what country out of India?
France
England’s East India Company had taken over the rule of most of India by 1857, taking the land from what empire?
The Mughal Empire
Spheres of Influence in China
China maintained independent rule but European nations carved out exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources within China.
The Taiping Rebellion was started by who?
Civil servant applicant Hong Xiuquan and starving peasants, wokers and miners who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
Who helped the Quing Dynasty beat the rebels in the Taiping Rebellion?
Warlords
Britain
France
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
An anti-imperialist rebellion against foreign powers. The dowager empress Cixi ordrered that all foreigners be killed.
Who won the Boxer Rebellion?
Foreign powers prevailed in the Boxer Rebellion. About 100,000 Chinese Christians died. Around 200-250 foreigners died. The Chinese defeat severely harmed the Qing Dynasty.
Colonization Society
Japanese leaders formed plans to set up their own colonies. Colonies were setup in parts of China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands that lasted until the end of WWII. Japan also wanted to colonize Mexico and parts of Latin America, but this did not happen.
When the Dutch India Company went bankrupt, who took over the colonies they controlled?
The Dutch government
By the late 1890’s, France controlled Cambodia, Laos and all of modern-day Vietnam. What was this area called?
Indochina
The British controlled the Malay Peninsula, Burma, and northern Borneo. What valuable cash crop did this area produce?
Rubber
Only one Southeast Asian country managed to escape 19th century European colonialism. What country was it?
Siam (modern day Thailand)
Australia was originally what type of colony?
A penal colony
The Treaty of Waitangi guaranteed the indigenous of people of New Zealand?
The treaty made New Zealand its own colony and the Maori inhabitants would be protected by the British Crown. This didn’t really happen though, and war broke out as the British encroached on Maori lands.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The Trail of Tears was the forced migration of Native Americans from the Southeast to the Oklahoma terrirotry. Many Native Americans died of hunger, exposure, disease, and exhaustion.
The Monroe Doctorine
President James Monroe said European nations should not intervene in the affairs of countries in the Western Hemisphere. It holds that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers is a potentially hostile act against the United States.
Manifest Destiny
American settlers believed they had a natural and inevitable right to expand across the United States from the East Coast to the Pacific Ocean.
Who won the Spanish American War?
The United States
The Roosevelt Corollary
Theodore added to the Monroe Doctorine, stated that if countries in Latin America demonstrated “instability”, the United States wqould intervene.
In 1867, which country sold Alaska to the United States?
Russia
The Great Game
A rivalry between the Russian and British Empires over Afghanistan and its control.
